A multiplex analysis of RNA expression during injury healing in human dermal injuries for injury age estimation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Forensic Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;2. Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd. (ESR), Mt. Albert Science Centre, Auckland, New Zealand;1. Laboratorio de Genética Molecular de Cruz Vital – Cruz Roja Ecuatoriana Quito, Ecuador;2. Laboratorio GENES Ltda, Medellin, Colombia;1. Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;2. IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;3. Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain;1. Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, United States;2. American Registry of Pathology, United States;3. Flinders University, Australia;4. National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States;1. Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;2. IPATIMUP–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Portugal;3. Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal;4. DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The determination of the timing of a human dermal injury is important in forensic work as it provides valuable information that helps evaluate the relationship between the injury and the crime, and aids in the reconstruction of a crime. In spite of its importance, currently there are no routinely used methods for the accurate estimation of human dermal injury age. In this study, we developed a RNA based multiplex assay to simultaneously investigate the mRNA expression of chymase 1 (CMA1), collagen type III alpha I (COL3A1), dual specificity phosphate 1 (DUSP1), interleukin 1beta (IL1β), interleukin 2 (IL2), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 7 (IL7), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in human dermal injuries to identify and evaluate their suitability for human dermal injury age estimation. The mRNA expression patterns observed for CMA1, DUSP1, IL1β, IL7, TNFα and VEGFA suggest they have potential to estimate human dermal injury age, especially during the early stages (days) of injury healing. |
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| Keywords: | Injury age estimation Dermal injury mRNA Forensic |
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