劳动力视角下深度贫困的生成逻辑及治理路径

厘清贫困问题生成逻辑是实施有效贫困治理的前提条件。如今在全国脱贫工作取得巨大成就的同时,少数深度贫困地区却因多种常规扶贫措施均无法奏效而陷入久扶不能脱贫的困境。在对陕西省L县进行实证研究的基础上,发现劳动力因素是导致深度贫困地区致(返)贫最普遍原因之一。据此,按劳动力自我发展意识与可行性能力两大根本属性在不同维度的排列组合,将其区分为生存性劳动力、非自愿生存性劳动力、发展性劳动力与潜在发展性劳动力四种基本类型,进而在"发展意识—可行性能力"这一分析框架下深刻剖析贫困问题生成逻辑。研究发现,劳动力因素对于家庭能否脱离贫困至关重要,生存性劳动力对于脱贫作用有限,脱离贫困主要依靠发展性劳动力,缺乏发展性劳动力则容易致(返)贫。基于此,未来深度贫困地区贫困治理路径则应区分劳动力类型,在做好政策兜底的基础上聚焦于培育发展性劳动力,为脱贫攻坚提供根本动力保障。

The Generation Logic and Governance Path of Deep Poverty from the Perspective of Labor Force

Clarifying the generation logic of poverty problem is the precondition of implementing effective poverty governance.Nowadays,great achievements have been made in the national poverty alleviation work,while a few deep poverty areas have fallen into the trap of being unable to lift themselves out of poverty for a long time due to the failure of many conventional poverty alleviation measures.Based on the empirical research on L county,Shaanxi province,it is found that labor force is one of the most common causes of poverty(or poverty-returning)in areas of extreme poverty.According to the permutation and combination of the two basic attributes of labor force’s self-development consciousness and feasibility ability in different dimensions,the labor force can be divided into four basic types:subsistence labor force,involuntary subsistence labor force,developmental labor force and potential developmental labor force.Then,under the analysis framework of"development consciousness-feasibility capacity",we deeply analyzes the generation logic of poverty problem.The study found that the factor of labor force is crucial to the family’s ability to get out of poverty.The role of subsistence labor force in poverty alleviation is limited.The main dependence to get rid of poverty is developmental labor force,and the lack of developmental labor force tends to lead to poverty(or poverty-returning).On account of this,the path of poverty governance in contiguous areas of extreme poverty should distinguish the types of labor force in the future,and focus on cultivating developmental labor force on the basis of providing policy support to provide fundamental driving force for poverty alleviation.