公共危机中民众的自组织机制及其约束--以抗击新冠肺炎疫情为例

风险社会中,政府需要与企业、民众、社会组织进行协商合作,以分散和化解风险。对抗击新冠肺炎疫情的案例分析发现,在集体行动的视域下,公共危机中民众的秩序维护型自组织具有复制、嵌入、相变三种机制。复制式、嵌入式、相变式自组织的任务性均很强,相变式自组织的结构性最强,嵌入式自组织的结构性最弱。它们显著区别于党政组织的强制机制、企业组织的交换机制,也与非政府组织的志愿机制不完全相同。这些自组织对于解决公共危机问题、有效动员组织民众、强化政府元治理能力意义重大,同时也受到开放性、规则性、状态性、反馈性等约束。面对挑战,我们既要通过空间让渡和规则建设来提升社会的自组织化,也要强化个人的责任性,通过提升民众的素养与能力,让个体承担更多社会责任。

Social Self-Organization Mechanism and Constraints in Public Crisis Management-Taking the Prevention of the COVID-19 as an Example

In a risk society,the government needs to negotiate and cooperate with companies,people,and social organizations to spread and resolve risks.The case analysis of the fight against the New Coronary Pneumonia epidemic found that under the perspective of collective action,the public order self-organization in the public crisis has three mechanisms of replication,embedding,and phase change.The tasks are very strong,the phase-change self-organization has the strongest structure,and the embedded self-organization has the weakest structure.They are significantly different from the compulsory mechanism of Party and government organizations,the exchange mechanism of enterprise organizations,and they are not completely the same as the voluntary mechanism of non-governmental organizations.This kind of self-organization is of great significance for solving public crisis problems,effectively obilizing the people,and strengthening the government’s meta-governance capabilities,but also faces openness,constraints such as regularity,statefulness,and feedback.We should not only enhance the self-organization degree of society,but also strengthen the individual responsibility,so that individuals can bear more social responsibility.