突发公共卫生事件应急反应基础建设及其应急管理

我国正进入公共卫生危机高发期,加强公共卫生应急管理研究是当务之急。介绍了突发公共卫生事件应急反应系统建设研究中初步结果,包括突发事件主动监测、医疗物质储备、流行病学专家以及应急管理机制等。主动监测是早期发现和预警突发公共卫生事件的有效监测机制,包括医院病例监测、症状监测、药品和其他医用商品销售监测,中小学生缺课监测,动物死亡监测等。目前我国主动监测尚在研究中,储备是应急反应的必要基础,包括应急药品和物质储备、现场流行病学工作者和公共卫生实验室储备。应急反应系统组织结构和应急管理形式应在科学基础上,在法制保护下系统建立,并与国际接轨。此外,就公共卫生危机准备和处理提出了具体建议。

Infrastructure Construction for Instant Response to the Emergent Public Health Event and Crisis Management

China is developing into a stage with high frequency of public health crisis.It is critical to enforce a re - lated crisis management research.This paper described the outcome of construction research for instant response to the public health crisis,including active surveillance,administration of qualified epidemiologist,medical supplies repertory as well as crisis management mechanism.As compared with passive surveillance,active surveillance is more effective in monitoring and warning an emergent public health event.Case and syndrome surveillance in hospi - tals,surveillance of medication sales,absenteeism in primary schools,emergent medical service as well as surveil - lance of unexplained death were involved in active surveillance,which was under evaluation in China.Repertory served as basis for emergent response,including storage of urgent medicine,organization of field epidemiologists and public health laboratory.Administrative system for emergent response and management should be based on scientific evidences and protected by current legal system and guided by the related international regulations.Practicable sug - gestions were presented for preparation and management of public health crisis.