权力规范学术的思想史实践——从“焚书令”看意识形态对知识形态的区分与控制

“焚书令”字里行间体现出来的是一种精密的专制主义知识分类体系。在它所包括的政治法律、历史典籍、人文价值和实用技术这四种知识中,前三种皆属于意识形态知识范畴,也可以视为广义的价值知识。这说明,“焚书令”所依托的是一个价值理性和工具理性都同样发达的意识形态秩序。正因为价值理性发达,所以它能对区分各种价值知识制定出明确的判断标准;正因为工具理性发达,所以它能对控制各种价值知识制定出严格的操作规则。

Power, Criterion, Learning and Practice of the History of Thought:Ideological Division and Control of Knowledge Genre from the Review of the Burning Book Decree

Burning-Book Decree shows up as an exactly absolute knowledge-classifying system,where there are four kinds of knowledge classified: political-legal knowledge,historical-classics,social ethic and practical technique.The first three kinds are ideological knowledge,generally regarded as the knowledge of value.All the above shows that Burning-Book Decree comes from an ideological order in which both the reason of value and the reason of practice are highly developed.Just because of the development of the former,it can divide exactly kinds of knowledge of value,and just because of the development of the latter,it can strictly control the process of division.