监视居住制度评析——以2011年《刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》为视角

2011年《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》(以下简称《修正案草案》)充分注意到了现行监视居住制度在实施过程中所暴露出的问题,并对监视居住制度进行了一系列的改造。《修正案草案》的立法初衷是将监视居住确立为一种减少羁押的替代性措施,但具体的条文设计却使监视居住制度产生了内部的分裂。在嫌疑人、被告人自己住所执行的监视居住可以被认为是一种非羁押性的强制措施,但指定居所的监视居住显然已成为一种羁押性的强制措施。因此,为了防止权力的滥用和充分保障嫌疑人、被告人的人权,对指定居所的监视居住需要进行更为严格的审查与控制。具体的审查、控制方法可以参照对逮捕的审查、控制方法,同时也需要确立对其进行定期羁押必要性审查的制度。另外还需确立错误指定居所监视居住的国家赔偿制度作为最后一道"防线"。

Comment on System of Residential Surveillance

"The Amendment Of Criminal Procedural Law (Draft)"(hereinafter referred to as the "Draft")is fully aware of problems of the current system of residential surveillance exposed in the implementation process, and undertakes a series of major transformations to the system. The original legislative intention of the Draft is to achieve the reduction of unnecessary pretrial detention. But the specific provision design obviously makes internal divisions in the system of residential surveillance. Suspects and defendants under surveillance in their own domicile can be thought of as a non-custodial measure, but the designated residential surveillance has clearly become a custodial measure. Therefore, in order to prevent the abuse of power and to guarantee human rights, there is the need of a tight legal control for the designated residential surveillance. The methods of surveillance can refer to methods of arrest, but it is also necessary to establish the periodic investigation system of detention. As a last line of defense, the system of the state compensation also needs to be established if error designated surveillance occurs.