刑事证据制度与认识论——兼与误区论、法律真实论、相对真实论商榷

辩证唯物主义认识论是我国刑事证据制度的理论基础。文章反驳了否认认识论对证据制度起指导作用的“误区论”。认为刑事诉讼证明的目的是达到诉讼客观真实。客观真实是绝对真实与相对真实的统一。文章不赞同用法律真实或相对真实代替客观真实的观点 ,认为相对真实论的要害是不承认能够证实犯罪人是谁 ,这必然会导致错判。文章坚持我国法定的“犯罪事实清楚 ,证据确实充分”的排他性证明标准 ,不赞成采用英美的“排除合理怀疑”的证明标准 ,指出“排除合理怀疑”的哲学基础是经验主义。文章分析了设立刑事证据规则的目的、功能 ,认为其目的和功能是多元的 ,而发现客观事实是其首要目标 ,并指出 :认为认识论会导致刑讯逼供的观点是错误的。民事诉讼证明、行政诉讼证明不同于刑事诉讼证明 ,但也应当以认识论为指导。

Evidential System and Epistemology

The dialectical materialist theory of knowledge is the theorctical basis of the criminal evidential institution of our country. This paper criticizes the “erroneous field”theory which denies the guiding function of the theory of knowledge to evidence institution. The goal of proving in criminal procedure is to achieve objective truth. Objective truth is the unity of absolute truth and comparative truth. This article docsn't agree with the viewpoint that legal truth or comparative truth should replace objective truth. The defect of the theory of comparative truth is that it does not acknowledge we can ascertain the criminal, which surely leads to erroneous judgements. The arthor insists on the legal exclusive proof standard which demands that the fact of the crime should be clear and the evidence should be true and enough, doesn't agree to adopt the Anglo American standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt and points out that the philosophical basis of that standard is empiricism. The paper analyzes the purpose and function of criminal evidential rules, Considers that although their purpose and functions are plural but the first object is to find objective truth and points out that it is wrong to ascribe the inquisition by torture to the theory of knowledge. Proof in civil procedure and administrative proceeding is different from proof in criminal procedure, but they should also be guided by theory of knowledge.