产权安排与资源配置：产权理论简析

产权理论主要研究如何通过界定和安排产权结构，降低或消除市场机制的运行成本，提高经济效率，改善资源配置，增加社会经济福利。产权实质上是指建立在财产（客体）基础之上的人与人之间的经济关系。产权最基本的属性是排他性，进而产权可以起到减少不确定性、激励或约束行为主体以及资源配置的功能。评价产权制度效率既要考虑到不同产权制度是否适应生产力发展的同时，也考虑其交易成本的高低。

Property Rights Arrangement and Resource Collocate: Property Rights

Property rights theory focuses on how to reduce or eliminate the costs of market by defining the property rights in order to improve economic efficiency and allocation of resources, furthermore, to increase the social economic welfare. Property rights refer to the economic relationship among people based on the property. One of the basic characteristic of property rights is exclusive property. When evaluating the efficiency of property rights institutions, either whether they are suitable to the development of productivity, or the transaction costs should be considered.