科层制视角下的权力监督

科层制是公共行政的组织形式与技术手段,其组织基础对公共权力的监督有重要影响。从组织社会学的角度来观察,科层制的效率取决于对组织权力运行的良好控制。但是单一权力核心、严格层级制的科层组织是一个核式结构,它对组织内部底层和高层的权力运行的监控呈现＂近勤远怠＂和＂灯下黑＂两大规律,最终使权力得不到有效的监控。解决之道唯有加强独立的司法权、专业的立法权对行政权的控制和促进公民社会的成长。

Power Supervision from the Perspective of Faculty and Stratum System

Faculty and stratum system is an organizational form and technical means of public administration. The supervision of public authority can not ignore its hierarchical organizational foundation. From the perspective of organizational sociology, the efficiency of faculty and stratum system depends on a better control over power. However, with a single core of power and a strict hierarchy, faculty and stratum system becomes a nuclear structure. Consequently, the supervision of the internal bottom and top power operation respectively shows the following tendency： ＂near-diligence while far-lazy＂ and ＂shade under the lamp＂. The phenomenon makes the power out of control. The only solution is to strengthen the independent judicial power, improve the supervision of professional legislative power to administrative rights, and promote the growth of civil society.