合肥市出租车市场管制效应及其成因解析——基于转轨国家政府俘获理论的一个解释途径

出租车市场采用何种模式与政府的管制政策关系密切.不同的管制政策产生不同的经营模式,而不同的经营模式带来的后果迥异.其中,因为采用"北京模式"的城市经常发生群体性事件而备受争议,对因管制政策而引起的诸多矛盾和问题学者们更多从利益集团理论进行解释.但作者并不完全认同这种解释.以合肥市出租车市场作为"北京模式"的代表进行分析,通过运用对司机成本和收入的调查所得出的数据以及运用福利经济学理论分析了三大管制政策带来的效应,尤其是进入资格限制和强制挂靠这一管制政策所导致的司机利益向出租车公司的强制转移,然后以转轨国家的政府俘获理论为研究基础,从制度环境、管制政策的不合法和不合理性、出租车公司管理职能的虚置、出租车公司和政府部门之间存在利益链条等方面来论证得出合肥市出租车市场存在政府俘获问题,进而推出采用"北京模式"的其它城市的出租车市场也可能存在政府俘获问题.

The Regulated Effect in Hefei Taxi-Market and the Analysis of the Reasons——An Explanation Based on the Theory of State Capture in Transition Economics

The mode in the taxi-market is closely related to the regulation of the authorities and the differences of the modes vary greatly duo to different regulations. Because lots of problems happened in the cities where the "Beijing Mode" was adopted, many specialists tried to explain the problems based on the theory of interest group. But the authors do not agree with it. Taking the taxi-market in Hefei as a representative of the "Beijing Mode", this paper analyzes the effects brought by the three regulation policies, based on data of the cost and income of taxi drivers and some theories of Welfare Economics, especially focuses on the forced shift of profits from drivers to taxi companies caused by the limits on entry qualification and the forced subordination. Then from the aspects of the institution environment, the illegalness and irrationality of regulation policy, the invalid administration of taxi companies, and the profit chain between taxi companies and the authorities, the analysis shows that the problem of state capture which is referred in the Theory of State Capture in Transitional Countries does exist in Hefei taxi-market as well as probably in others cities where the "Beijing Mode" is adopted.