基层法院的执行生态与非均衡执行

执行生态是指法院执行活动所处的环境和氛围,主要包括组织纵向生态、横向生态组成的法院内生态,以及政治生态、经济生态和社会生态组成的法院外生态。对基层法院的调研表明,当前执行工作面临的来自法院外生态的压力过大,这些压力包括政治生态的治理压力、经济生态的救济压力和社会生态的互动压力,而法院内部生态也在一定程度上加大了这些压力。执行生态的过重压力催生出法院对非均衡执行策略的需求与偏好,导致法院一方面通过终结本次执行及执行和解来规避压力,另一方面通过周期性启动运动式执行来缓解压力。非均衡执行策略容易诱发执行不规范现象,有损执行权威。要实现"切实解决执行难"的目标,需要改善执行生态,弱化法院对非均衡执行策略的需求,其中的关键是要建构社会场景下的执行权威,实现良性的执行生态与能动的均衡执行的相互促进。

Enforcement Ecology and Uneven Enforcement in Grassroots Courts

Executive ecology refers to the environment and the atmosphere in which the court enforces judgements.It mainly includes the internal ecology composed of vertical and horizontal ecologies,and external ecology composed of political ecology,economic ecology and social ecology.Through the investigation of several grassroots courts,it’s a fact that the current enforcement is under great pressure from external ecology,including the governance pressure of political ecology,the relief pressure of economic ecology,and the interaction pressure of social ecology,and these pressures have been exacerbated to a certain extent by the internal ecology of the court.The excessive pressure of enforcement ecology has given rise to the courts’demand and preference for uneven executive strategy:on the one hand,such a strategy can avoid the pressure through the termination of enforcement procedure or enforcement settlement;on the other hand,it can relieve the pressure by periodically carrying out campaign-style enforcement.Uneven enforcement strategy may induce nonstandard enforcement and undermine enforcement authority.In order to achieve the goal of“effectively solving the problem of enforcement difficulties”,it is necessary to improve the enforcement ecology and weaken the courts’demand for uneven enforcement strategy,and their key is to establish the enforcement authority in social situation and realize the mutual promotion between positive enforcement ecology and active even enforcement.