论宪法上的财产权——根据人在社会中的自治地位所作的解说

在宪法上 ,财产权是社会中自主、自决、自治的人追求幸福的条件 ,而不是法律上一切人格体瓜分经济价值的形式。它与经济学的产权概念有巨大差异 ;同时 ,也不是复制民法的财产权概念。宪法列举财产权 ,旨在排除公权力的侵犯。公权力侵犯财产权的本质在于限制甚至排斥社会中自我决定和自我实现的独立人格 ,其形式包括扭曲该项权利的主客体结构、恣意予以剥夺和不适当地予以限制 ,其最严重的不利效果是公共财产过度扩张。宪法保护财产权最关键的环节不是公私财产“一体保护” (平等保护 ) ,而是防止公共财产过度扩张。只要公共财产过度扩张 ,即使实行“一体保护” ,人们也不能享有适当的自治地位。 2 0 0 4年 3月通过的宪法修正案加强了对财产权的保护 ,突出了它作为人权的特征。科学实施 2 0 0 4年修正案的规定 ,需要从人在社会中的自治地位出发 ,结合现行宪法的发展历程 ,适当解决条文没有直接回答的若干重大问题

On the Constitutional Property Rights:An Explication Deduced from the Individual Autonomy

Constitutional property rights are the prerequisites for self-determined and autonomic individuals in community to pursue their own happiness. The meaning of constitutional property rights differs from that of property rights in civil law and economics. The major threats against constitutional property rights include the distortion of right-holder and the scope of possessions, arbitrary deprivation, and excessive restrictions on the exertion of the right to property. Constitutional amendments adopted in 2004 should be regarded as a substantial development. In order to implement those amendments, the Chinese legal professionals should study how to deal with four issues of great immediate significance.