论转基因作物及食品监管的立法原则

在转基因技术风险不确定的情形下,无论是美国的"可靠科学原则",还是欧盟的"预防原则",均不能令人信服。转基因作物及食品的立法与监管,应遵循公共利益优先、保护消费者的知情权、统一监管机构、国家利益与商业利益结合以及风险全程监控的基本原则。我国当下的转基因作物和食品立法,在层级上较低,应制定《基因技术法》或《国家生物安全法》,重点关注对转基因食品消费者知情权以及我国基因资源的保护;同时,应加强转基因作物和食品的监管和风险评估,对违法者苛以更重的民事责任和刑事责任。

Principles of Legislation for Regulating Genetically Modified Crops and Food

With the uncertainty of risks brought by transgenic technology, neither the scientific-based principle in the US nor the precautionary principle in EU is convincing. The legislation and regulation for genetically modified crops and food shall follow the fundamental principles of considering public interest in priority, protecting consumers＇ rights to information, unifying regulatory organizations, balancing the national interests and commercial interests, and monitoring from ＂farm to table＂. China should enact Gene Technology Act or National Biosecurity Act based on those fundamental principles, especially to protect consumers＇ rights to information as well as national gene resources. Meanwhile, China shall strengthen the regulatory system and risk assessment on genetically modified crops and food, and aggravate civil and criminal liability for misfeasor.