对马克思唯物史观解释框架的再认识——兼论文化的源泉和基础地位

长期以来,马克思唯物史观的公式化解释框架表述为:生产力→生产关系(经济基础)→政治上层建筑→思想文化上层建筑的线性决定和反作用关系。其中,文化只是被决定者。这种生产力决定论其实是传统哲学(传统唯物主义和传统唯心主义)制造抽象理论元基点的形而上学理论方式。按照马克思终结传统形而上学、确立社会历史实践本体论的哲学变革理路,可以把唯物史观的解释框架理解为……生产力→生产关系(经济基础)→政治上层建筑→思想文化上层建筑→生产力……的循环。其中,文化又构成了生产力、经济和政治的源泉和基础。我们需要确立社会历史实践整体观,在中国的经济体制改革取得成功后,确立推进社会主义文化大发展大繁荣的文化自觉,为进一步的生产力提升、经济发展、政治建设和社会进步,充实文化上的源泉和基础。

Re-understanding of the Explanatory Framework for Marxist Historical Materialism

Over the years,in the textbook of Marxist principles,the formulation of Marxist historical materialism is:productivity→relations of production(economic base)→political superstructure→ideological and cultural superstructure,in which culture derives from and is subsidiary to the linear chain of productivity→economy→politics→culture and serves for it.The same as traditional philosophies(traditional materialisms and idealisms),this productivity-determinism,in fact,is a metaphysical way that seeks a meta-theory as its theoretically original point.According to Marx’s philosophy that terminated traditional metaphysics and took society,history and practice as its ontology,the historical materialism can also be understood as a cycle:……productivity→relations of production(economic base)→political superstructure→ideological and cultural superstructure→productivity……,in which culture is the source and foundation of productivity,economy,politics.We should establish the holistic view on society,history and practice,awaken cultural consciousness for promoting vigorous development and prosperity of socialist culture and provide a solid cultural source and foundation so as to enhance further productivity and promote economic development,political development and social progress.