论政府行为模式从控制向引导的转变

自政府产生以来,都是以社会控制为基本职能,统治阶级的利益实现,社会秩序的获得等,都是通过政府的社会控制去实现的。农业社会的统治型政府是运用暴力和在暴力的支持下去进行社会控制,工业社会的管理型政府则是通过法治的方式进行社会控制,同时,也有着不断刷新控制技术的追求。但是,任何一种形式的社会控制,都会出现"控制悖论",有的时候,也会出现"控制失灵"的问题。20世纪后期以来,尽管学者们围绕政府的社会控制做出了各种各样的探索,尽管政府的控制技术得到不断的提升,但是,社会的复杂性和不确定性也迅速地增长,从而使政府一直处于控制能力不足的局面。其实,在人类社会进入高度复杂性和高度不确定性的时代,政府的社会控制追求如果不改变的话,将会使政府陷入与社会全面对立的境地。在这种条件下,政府必须从根本上放弃控制导向的行为模式,代之以引导取向的行为模式。其中,建构引导型政府职能模式是保证政府发挥引导作用而不是控制功能的正确路径。

On the Change of Government Behavior from Controlling Pattern into Guiding Pattern

Since it emerged,government functioned as social control,by which the interests of the ruling class can be realized and the social order can be obtained.The ruling-type government of the agricultural society took social control by violence;the managing-type government of the industrial society by law.However,any form of social control has the problem of control paradox,sometimes,has the problem of control failure.Since the late 20th century,although scholars made a variety of exploration of government’s social control and the means of government’s social control is constantly upgrading,the government is in a weak social control with rapid increasing in societ’s complexity and uncertainty.In fact,in a society with a high complexity and a high uncertainty,government would be full confrontation with society if it doesn’t change its social control.Under these conditions,government should abolish completely the controlling-oriented mode and replace it with the guiding-oriented mode.Therefore,establishing the guiding-type government function mode is a correct choice of ensuring government’s guiding-type function rather than control function.