“中国和平崛起”与“国际体系和平变迁”——以建构主义“国际体系变迁”理论为依据

2005年4月23日,新加坡内阁资政李光耀在博鳌亚洲年会上作了"为中国和平崛起而实现的共赢方针"的主旨演讲①,这暗示着我们的一些邻国开始正视并参与中国和平崛起的过程.如果这一过程能够顺利进行,中国及其所带动的其它发展中国家,如印度、俄罗斯和巴西等国的崛起将必然给现有的国际体系带来深刻变革.②在主流国际体系变迁理论中,无论是肯尼思·华尔兹的"权力分配论",还是吉尔平的"权力转换理论",抑或是沃勒斯坦的"世界体系理论",都是聚焦在如何通过霸权战争等非和平方式完成国际体系的变迁.如果只把这些理论作为"中国威胁论"的理论依据而加以否认,不跳出其分析框架来重塑国际体系和平变迁的途径,那么中国和平崛起的理论构建中就存在着不足与缺陷.笔者认为,建构主义的"国际体系和平变迁"理论更适于为中国和平崛起及其导致的国际体系和平变迁提供理论依据.

"China's Peaceful Rise" and "Peaceful Transformation of International System"--Providing a Theoretical Explanation with Constructivist View by Alexander Wendt

On April 23rd, 2005, Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore Minister Mentor, made a keynote speech, titled "Win-win Approach for China's Peaceful Rise", in Boao Forum for Asia 2005 Annual Conference. It implicated that some of the China's neighboring countries begin to hold a proper view towards and even participate in the process of China's peaceful rise. If this process could go on smoothly, the rise of a series of developing countries, such as India, Russia and Brazil, would surly bring profound changes to the present international system. In the theories of "international system transformation", most of the mainstream ones, such as "the distribution of power" by Kennth Waltz, "the transformation of power" by Robert Gilping, or "world system theory" by Immanuel Wallerstein, all focus on the transformation of international system by unpeaceful approaches like hegemony wars. If we, Chinese students of IRT, were framed into them and only deny them as the sources of "China threat", there would be serious defections in the theory-building of China's peaceful rise. It is believed in this article that the "peaceful transformation of international system" of the school of constructivism by Alexander Wendt has an advantage on explaining why and how China's peaceful rise could promote the peaceful transformation of international system.