两种价值序列下的程序基本矛盾

20世纪中期以来的程序价值理论把程序的价值区分为两个序列 ,一曰程序的外在价值 ,一曰程序的内在价值。正是因为程序存在这两个序列的价值标准 ,所以法律程序存在着若干对相互矛盾的结构性要素 ,它们在程序运行中构成了四对基本矛盾 ,即 :程序目标 (产出 )与程序手段 (成本 )、大众生活逻辑与职业专门逻辑、实体思维倾向与形式思维倾向、职权主义与当事人主义。这四对基本矛盾分别属于程序外在价值 (标准 )的派生物和程序内在价值的派生物。它们在程序制度运行中成为既相互关联又相互排斥的对立关系 ,它们既带来无限可利用的公正资源 ,足以影响程序的公正质量 ,又产生程序技术构成中的诸多缺陷和两难境地。这些基本矛盾使得我们对它无法进行单向思考 ,而只能将它们并列在一起通过辩证的方法根据特定的时间与空间进行衡量。

Basic Antimonies of Legal Process under Two Different Value Sequences

Since the middle of the 20^th century, the theory of the values of process has divided the values of process into two sequences: the outer values and the inner values. Because of the two sequences of value standards in the process, there exist in the legal process several pairs of contradicting structural elements which in turn constitute 4 pairs of basic antimonies in the operation of the process: objective (output) and means (input) of the process; the daily-life logic of the common people and the special logic of the professionals; the tendency towards substantive mode of thinking and the tendency towards formalmode of thinking; and inquisitorial system and adversarial system. These four pairs of basic antimonies are the derivatives of either the outer or the inner value of a process. The interactions between these anti-monies have brought about limitless resources of justice as well as many defects and dilemmas in the legalprocess. These basic antimonies should not be considered separately, but must be analyzed together dialectically in the context of specific time and space.