寻求不一致的一致——试论软法与协商民主机制的结构性耦合

卢曼认为,法律是一个使用合法/不合法的独特符号作为沟通手段的独立的规则系统,是人类行为的规范性预期的制度化。法律规范作为独立系统欲保持稳定与再生则必须在封闭运行的同时与外部环境之间保持认知的开放,其对外部环境刺激的稳定回应模式即为结构性耦合。从此视角观察,软法是一个相对而言制度化程度较低的,其稳定预期的功能相对弱化了的规则系统,它允许中间程度的效力,其创生本身具有回应性目的。软法建构的环境在国际关系和国内民主政治领域的表现形式就是协商民主。协商民主政治机制本身的出现就具有回应民主程度问题的性质,其成功的几个关键机制需要弹性的规范体系。软法能够模式化地回应协商民主的需要而与之形成结构性耦合。

Pursuing Congruence from Incongruence:Structural Coupling of Soft Law and Deliberative Democracy

Luhmann thinks of law as an independent regular system using legal/illegal unique symbols as communicative methods,which is the institutionalization of normative anticipation of human behavior.To maintain stability and regeneration,the system ought to be cognitively open to exterior situation simultaneously it runs closely.It's stably responsive pattern to outside simulation,which is called structural coupling.Observing from this perspective,soft law can be regarded as a kind of regular system which is comparatively less institutionalized and weakened in function of stabilizing anticipation.It allows moderate effectiveness,whose birth is of reflective purpose.The manifestation of soft law's building situation in the fields of international relationships and domestic democratic politics is deliberative democracy.The appearance of deliberative democracy responses to the problem of democratic degrees.Several key mechanisms to the success of deliberative democracy need elastic regulations.Soft law is able to routinely meet the demand of deliberative democracy so as to form structural coupling with the latter.