科学研究在大学中的历史演进

科学研究在大学中的发展依据其与教学的关系大致可以分为三个不同的阶段.一般认为,科学研究正式进入大学是在19世纪初期,洪堡提出通过研究进行教学的思想,研究与教学相结合成为大学的基本原则,研究作为大学培养学生的主要方法.19世纪后期美国大学中研究生教育制度的确立,使研究与教学相结合被提升到研究生教育层次,明确了研究与教学相结合在大学实践中的局限性或条件性.20世纪中期,科学发展进入"大科学"时代之后,大学的研究被纳入"大科学"体系,一些研究的目的遂发生变化,开始脱离教学.即在现代大学中虽然以培养人才为基本出发点、与教学紧密结合、自由探究、小规模甚或个别式、传统的科学与学术研究仍存在,但同时出现了为了教育之外的某个目的、与教学没有什么关系、有明确的组织目标、大规模的科学研究.

On a History of Development of Scientific Research in University

The development of scientific research in university is divided roughly into three phases with the change of relationship between research and teaching.Generally speaking,in the early 19th century scientific research formally entered universities in Germany,after W.Humboldt put forward a thought of teaching through research,and combining research with teaching became a basic principle in universities.In the late 19th century,combining research with teaching was raised to graduate education because of establishment of the system of graduate education in American universities.In the middle of 20th century,the change occurred in the universities' scientific research with the beginning of era of "big science",for example,some scientific researches separated from teaching were carried out in universities.