美国出口管制中的诱惑侦查

美国以《出口管理法》和《武器出口管制法》为基本框架建立起宽泛而严厉的出口管制法律制度，其目的是通过对特定物品和技术的管制维护国家安全，落实美国外交政策。诱惑侦查频频亮相于出口管制执法活动中，呈现出介入的超前性、高度的欺骗性、极强的诱惑性等特征，并且更多地体现出一种“将犯罪意念植入无辜者脑子”的倾向。近几年来美国出口管制执法部门频繁地将这一策略运用于在对中国的出口贸易管制中。有鉴于此，国家应当建立预警和宣传服务机制，加强领事保护和外交保护，企业或个人应遵守美国出口管制法律制度，善用合同中的“鉴于条款”，诉讼中可以借助“陷阱抗辩”等相关的司法规制以维护自身利益和安全。

The Entrapment in the U.S.Export Controls

The United States has established a set of broad and stringent legal system of export controls based on the two statutes： ＂Export Administration Act＂ and ＂The Arms Export Control Act＂ to safeguard its national security and implement its foreign policy by the export control of specific items and technologies. The entrapment is more frequently applied in the investi- gation of the violations of export control law bearing the stamp of advanced involvement, highly deceptive, highly alluring and other features. In some cases, this investigative tactics may transfer the criminal intent to the minds of innocent persons. In recent yeas, more and more enforcement actions have been directed to exports related to China, among which the strategy of entrapment has been exploited with marvelous skill. In view of this, our country should establish warning mechanisms and provide information services, strengthen consular protection and diplomatic protection, enterprises or individuals should abide by U. S. export control laws, make good use of ＂whereas clauses＂ in the contract and ＂entrapment defense＂ in the criminal proceedings to protect their interests and securities