人权的来源与基础探究

自然权利理论的不彻底性、法律权利论证的脆弱性要求我们为权利的来源与基础提供一套坚实可证的解释。权利的来源与基础应当从历史、社会的角度去认识,而不能脱离这一环境。从人类社会的历史看,权利是人们斗争的结果;如同市场中的交易,是社会可供资源与人类本能需求的契合。也正如交易一样,由于信息的不对称和地位的差异,一定社会时期内的权利并不总是在供求的最佳结合点上。因而,无论是政治与公民权利还是经济社会文化权利,既取决于社会制度、物质资源的发展,也取决于精神文明领域的进步。

An Inquiry into the Cause and Basis of Human Rights

The defects of natural rights theory and rights of proving based on legislation show that a solid explanation is needed. The cause and basis of human rights should be traced into the history and society rather than go out of the environment. From the history of human society, rights derive from struggle; just like transactions, rights are the result of available resources meeting the demand based on human instinct. Also like transactions, rights in a certain period of time are not always the best result because of different status and asymmetric information. Therefore, civil and political rights as well as economic, social and cultural rights depend on the development of social system and material resources, and the cultural and ideological progress.