宪法民法关系之实像与幻影——民法根本说的法理评析

在宪法与民法关系问题上,否定宪法根本法地位的民法根本说近年来有由口头流传转而向书面化发展的趋势。在一国的法律体系中,民法确有其特殊的重要性。作为一种法律学说,民法根本说所反映的是宪法与民法真实关系的倒影,它的形成在认识上根源于两大错觉。就现实性而言,民法根本说在使命和地位方面赋予了民法以其不可承受之重,也倾覆了法治秩序。民法至上论是毫无历史依据和现实根据、违反法律生活常识的臆想。民法宪法平起平坐论违背文艺复兴以来社会发展的基本方向和法治的精神。公法、私法两极化划分的种种说法将法律间的形式方面的差别夸大为性质不同,凭空想象和虚构公私法划分的价值,过度诠释私法自治,并将其作为民法与宪法切割的理由,这些都脱离了法律生活的实际,偏离了建立健全法治秩序的要求。中国要消除民法根本说已产生的和将会有的不良影响,让人们真正信仰和坚持宪法根本说,在促进法学学术进步和促使宪法充分实施两方面都还需要付出巨大的努力。

Real and Unreal Images of the Relation of Constitutional And Civil Laws

Some scholars proposed that civil law rather than constitutional law is fundamental and the author of this article considered this idea being wrong. He argues that this idea does not conform to legal developmental history as well as legal practice and deviates from the needs to establish a healthy and complete legal rule. So he calls for erasing the bad influences of this idea and adhere to constitutional law's fundamental status to promote the advance and fully application of constitutional law.