货运合同中收货人的法律地位评析

按照我国《合同法》货运合同的有关规定,收货人不享有对承运人直接请求给付的权利,并非利他合同中的第三受益人,而仅仅是代托运人接受履行的第三人。这种制度设计在托运人、承运人、收货人三方权利义务的配置上有失公允,减轻了承运人的责任,加大了收货人的风险。尤其是第308条关于托运人在承运人将货物交付收货人之前可以单方变更、解除合同的规定,对正常货运秩序和交易秩序造成了冲击,不利于维护交易安全。起草民法典时应当依照利他合同的法理对有关规定进行修改。

The Awkward Legal Status of Consignee in Contract of Carriage

According to the rule of Chinese Contract Law,consignee hasn't the right to ask for delivery,so he isn't the third party of beneficiary contract but only the third party to accept performance.This kind of legal design mitigates the responsibility of carrier,and increases the risk on the part of consignee,so it is unfair.Especially the 308 item in Chinese Contract Law causes destroy to the normal order of carriage and deal.The rule concerned must be modified according to the theory of third party beneficiary contract in the future Chinese Civil Code.