公共生活中的＂代表＂：角色与行动

在以代议制为基础的现代国家中,作为名词的"代表"(角色)怎样产生,在技术上的难题大体解决;但作为动词的"代表"(行动)怎样运作,则存在重大分歧。无论是站在民粹立场,主张强制委托,还是站在精英立场,主张代表独立,都无法克服"代表"观念的内在紧张。事实上,代表与被代表者的拔河贯穿了整个代表关系,承认他们的不一致,努力重构二者之间的平衡,既防范代表的滥权(过热),又避免代表的无为(过冷),或许才是破解悖论的现实出路。

"Representative" in Public Life: Role and Action

In modern countries based on the representative system,how "representative"(role) as a noun came into being has been solved technically while there are disputes about how "representative"(action) as a verb operates.The inner tension of the concept of "representative" can hardly be eased whether taking the stand of populism to advocate compulsive trust or taking the stand of the elite to emphasize the independence.In fact,the competition between representative and people being represented runs through the whole relationship of representation.It might be the way out to solve the paradox by admitting the disputes and rebuilding the balance so as to prevent both the abuse of powers(the over heated) and inaction(the over cold).