国家公园特许经营合同的法律基础

国家公园特许经营合同是规范特许人(国家公园管理局)与特许经营权人之间权利义务关系的协议,本质上属于政府特许经营合同,可被拆分为双阶理论下的“行政行为+民事合同”,即在订立阶段为行政行为,在履行和解除阶段为民事合同。为实现国家公园特许经营制度的功能,保护特许经营权人利益和参与特许经营竞争者利益,应明确合同的必要内容、采用竞争性缔约方式、签订书面合同并对特许经营权进行登记。由于国家公园特许经营权具有专属性,合同义务只能由特许经营权人自己履行并应注意保护园内自然资源和生态环境。基于国家公园特许经营合同的基本性质与制度功能,原则上不适用《民法典》第五百六十二条第一款解除合同,合同解除后不具有溯及力,不发生恢复原状义务。

The Legal Basis for the Franchise Contract of National Park

A national park franchise contract is an agreement that defines the rights and obligations between the National Park Service(the franchisor)and the franchisee.It is a government franchise contract and it can be divided into"administrative license+civil contract"under the two-stage theory,namely,it is an administrative act at the conclusion stage,and a civil contract at the performance and termination stage.The contents of the national park franchise contract include:the right to exploit natural resources for franchising activities;the obligation to pay fees for natural resources;controlling the term of the contract and specifying the charging standard.In order to realize the functions of the national park franchise system,protect the interests of franchisees and franchising competitors,a competitive contracting method,written contract and franchise registration shall be adopted.National park franchising rights are exclusive,contractual obligations can only be performed by the franchiser himself,and the natural resources and ecological environment in the park should be protected by them.To achieve the function of national park franchising system,paragraph 1 of Article 562 of the Civil Code is not applicable in principle;the franchiser shall notify the counterpart in advance or provide necessary assistance when exercising the right to terminate the contract;it is a continuance contract.After its rescission,it has no retroactive effect and no obligation of restitution occurs.