罪过形式的确定——刑法第15条第2款“法律有规定”的含义

确定具体犯罪的罪过形式时,不能以“事实上能否出于过失”的归纳取代“法律有无规定”的判断,而应当充分考虑并贯彻刑法第15条第2款“过失犯罪,法律有规定的才负刑事责任”的规定。将某种犯罪确定为过失犯罪的法定标准,是法律有文理规定。根据尊重人权主义的原理,对于法益侵害并非严重的行为,不宜确定为过失犯罪;按照责任主义原理,不能出现某种犯罪只能由过失构成而不能由故意构成的局面;依循刑法的谦抑性原理,罪过形式的确定,不能以其他法领域规定的过错形式为标准。

Identification of the Form of Mens Rea

In identifying the form of mens rea of a concrete crime, the conclusion of "whether it is a negligence in fact" could not substitute for the judgment of "whether it is prescribed in the law",rather, one should fully consider and implement the second paragraph of Article 15 of Criminal Code, i. e.,"for negligent crimes",criminal responsibility is to be borne "only when the law so stipulates".The legal standard of identifying a crime as negligent crime is whether it is prescribed by law. On the base of the principle of respecting human rights, it is inadvisable to fix negligent crime on the act that does not encroach upon legal benefits too grossly. According to the principle of responsibility, the situation should be avoided that crime can be constituted by negligence but not by intent. Following the theory of limitation on applying criminal law,the ascertainment of the form of mens rea can not take the standards of fault forms prescribed in other areas of law.