庭外供述笔录的非自愿性推定原则 --解决刑讯逼供问题的一种立法思路

刑事被告人的庭外供述笔录,也就是侦查人员在剥夺被告人人身自由的情况下所获取的有罪供述笔录,由于讯问过程的秘密性、封闭性和天然强制性,因此应一律被推定为非自愿的言辞证据.除非检控方能够提出证据证明其自愿性,否则,庭外供述笔录应一律被推定为非法的和不可采的证据,刑事法庭既不得准许检控方在法庭上提出该类证据,更不得将其作为定案的根据.经过这种证明责任倒置的技术性改革,侦查人员是否采取刑讯逼供的问题就可以转化成为庭外供述笔录是否具有自愿性和可采性的程序问题.

The Non - voluntary Presumption of Confession out of Court--One Legislative Approach to Solve the Problem of Inquisition by Torture

The confession of defendant out of court should be presumed as non-voluntary testimony,because the interrogation is secret and compul-sive.And it should be presumed to be unlawful and can not be produced by procurator or admitted by the court,except that the procurator can prove its voluntary.By the technical reform of displace of proof burden,the problem of extorting a confession by torture can be changed into the problem of the voluntary and admission of the confession out of court.