The Evolution of China’s Security Challenges and Grand Strategy

This article examines changes in China’s security perceptions since 1949 and sketches the evolution of China’s grand strategy. In tracing the evolution of China’s security perceptions and grand strategy since 1949, it identifies elements of change as well as continuity. The changes reflect dramatic developments in the PRC’s capabilities and the international circumstances it faces, both of which have shaped the grand strategic choices of China’s leaders. During most of the Cold War decades, a relatively weak China’s vulnerability to serious military threats from much more powerful adversaries led the CCP to adopt grand strategies focused on coping with a clearly defined external security challenge. After the Cold War and especially in the 21st century, an increasingly complex array of internal and external security concerns confronts China’s leaders with new challenges. The paper concludes with a discussion of the significance of the recently established National Security Commission and offers brief observations about its potential significance for the CCP’s leadership in their fight against the new domestic and international security challenges it faces. The novelty of China’s security challenges at home and abroad in the 21st century is a consequence of the end of the Cold War international order and perhaps more importantly, a consequence of China’s successful modernization since 1979.     

Role of Media and NGOs in Public Diplomacy

Ⅰ. Background of the Engagement of Media and NGOs in China’s Public Diplomacy i. The engagement of media and NGOs in China’s public diplomacy emerged against the backdrop of the profound changes taken place in China over the past three decades. More than three decades ago, China initiated     

A Study of China’s National Security System

In order to address the increasingly complicated and volatile security situation at home and abroad, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has put forward clear strategic requirements “to improve the national security system” and taken as its general goal “to institute a centralized, unifi ed, effi cient and authoritative national security system,” which gives full expression to the important position of a national security system in the work of national security. China’s national security system refers to the sum total of the specifi c institutions and codes of conduct for the administration of national security and is aimed at providing institutional support to ensure that China is a secure state and has the capacity to remain so. The division of functions of national security, the administration system of state security organs, the management system of human resources for national security, the power-responsibility mechanism and legal guarantees are the essential elements that constitute China’s national security system. We can clearly understand the characteristics of China’s national security system in different periods and trace its development by studying its history. Besides, we must be fully aware that such problems as insufficient research into the national security system, unclear division of the functions of national security, lack of strength in the building of state security organs, and a lag in the construction of the legal system concerning national security, inhibit the full functionality of China’s national security system. If these problems are not solved in a timely manner, China will have diffi culty resolving the various challenges to its national security. Therefore, the most effective ways to improve China’s national security system are: to defi ne in a scientifi c and rational style the functions of China’s national security at the present stage, give full rein to the powers of the National Security Committee of the CPC Central Committee; and forge a high-quality national security force.     

新时期中国外交思想、战略和实践的探索创新(英文)

<正>Since the 18th Party Congress of the Communist Party,marking the start of what this article refers to as the"New Era",China’s diplomacy has been under the strong leadership of General Secretary Xi Jinping.While maintaining traditions,China’s diplomacy has been characterized by exploration and innovation efforts,reflecting the diplomatic thoughts of China’s three identities:a socialist,developing and global power.China’s     

NGO Delegation of Neighboring Countries Visited China

<正>At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 15-member delegation composed of delegates from NGOs,think tanks and media from Bangladesh,Indonesia,Pakistan and Sri Lanka visited China from July 20 to 31.During their stay in China,the delegation members listened to briefings about China’s basic national conditions and the concept of the     

Sino-American Relations Difficultly Walking out of Impasse——Excerpts from Ten Episodes in China’s Diplomacy

During the ten years that I served as China’s foreign minister,the most difficult time for Chinese diplomacy was the late1980s and the early1990s.All of a sudden,the international situation changed.The governments of Western countries announced one after…     

《中国不能缺席》:见证中国外交开拓进取、成绩斐然（英文）

<正>Chinese Solution is an attempt to elaborate on the development of China’s diplomacy since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.With the rise of its national strength and international influence,China is moving toward the center of world stage,and its diplomacy is thus in the spotlight.This book tries to perceive the essence of China’s current diplomatic     

盘点2014:中国外交丰收之年(英文)

<正>On 24 December 2014,Foreign Minister Wang Yi attended the opening ceremony of the Symposium on the International Development and China’s Diplomacy in 2014 co-hosted by China Institute of International Studies and China Foundation for International Studies and delivered an address titled 2014 in Review:A Successful Year for China’s Diplomacy.The following is the full text of the address:     

Highlights of CAFIU’s International Exchanges in 2013

正January January 4,Secretary-General Ni Jian met with Teruo Tsuneda,Executive Director of the Mainichi Shimbun of Japan and Katsuyoshi Seimiya,Director of Global Business Division of the Mainichi Shimbun.The two sides exchanged views on China’s political and economic situation after the 18thNational Congress of CPC and Japan’s political situation after the general election.     

Annual discussion on rights of the child——by Ms. Rong Liying,China Soong Ching Ling Foundation

正I am honored to have this the opportunity to address the annual discussion on children’s rights. I am a professor of education research at Capital Normal University, and today I’m speaking on behalf of China Soong Ching Ling Foundation, a prestigious organization focusing on children and adolescent’s development and rights protection.The right to education is a basic human right. How to fully protect a child’s right to receive education,especially those who live in extreme poverty, is a very challenging task for the government.     

Geo-religion and China’s Foreign Strategies

The intertwining and extensive interactions between geopolitical, international economic and geo-religious factors have become the major features of geoborderilogy in the 21st century. The essence of geo-religion lies in the discursive power and the power of persuasion to influence popular views. With the globalization of China’s national interests and the comprehensive implementation of China’s "go global" strategy, religion should play its due role in China’s global foreign strategies.     

People-to-people Diplomacy of China under the background of The “Belt and Road” Initiative

正Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core,China has made great achievements,in social and economic development with rapidly rising comprehensive national strength growing international influence and the expansion of diplomatic work.China’s diplomacy is stepping into a whole new era,in which opportunities and     

Observations on the Theoretical System of People-to-People Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era

<正>With salient hallmarks of the time,people-topeople diplomacy with Chinese characteristics was proposed against the backdrop of China’s integration with the world as well as the strategic transformation of China’s people-to-people diplomacy.The establishment of a theoretical system for it conforms to the new situation and new requirements of the times,and is line with     

Thinking on the Theory of "China’s Century"

As China’s economy and global influence increase,its international relations are quickly changing.As more credence is given to predictions of a"China Century"to follow the"American Century,"interest is also increasing in the adjustments China is making to its strategic diplomacy as it prepares to take the first chair from the United States.The conceptual innovation in China’s diplomacy in 2014 is a significant harbinger in the eyes of many as to how this China Century will shape up.While China’s new diplomacy is praised,opinion differs on its future intentions.After a series of proposals were put forward at summit meetings of CICA(Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in     

International System and China’s Asia-Pacific Strategy

What impact does a shift in the global distribution of power have on the international order? According to the views of traditional realists,power transitions in the international order are usually accompanied by major wars,the best example being the two world wars of the twentieth century.China’s peaceful rise is conducive to the peace and stability of Asia and Pacific regions.The steady rise of China’s position and its role in dealing with international and regional problems have proved China’s success in...     

Top-Level Design for Chinese-Style Public Diplomacy against the Backdrop of Globalized Communication

<正>In the era of new media, the nature of being real-time and globalized of the public communication has posed unprecedented challenges to China’s public diplomacy as a whole. This is mainly manifested in the increasing obscurity of the boundary between domestic and foreign affairs. Any domestic event,     

China's International Influence

China’s rise is accompanied by a corresponding growth in its international influence. Not only does this kind of influence have its roots in history and imagination,but it is also an inevitable result of China’s growing strength and economy over the past few decades.It is difficult to accurately quantify a country’s international influence.China’s growing international influence has its own distinct characteristics,marked by the country’s unique national interests.A more influential China is not only good for China’s own development;it is also good for the world.     

中国整体合作外交评析——兼谈中国—中东欧国家合作(英文)

<正>Since the 21st century,with the improvement of China’s overall national strength and international influence,the way China deals with foreign affairs has also undergone profound changes.Among them,the establishment of such group cooperation mechanisms as the     

China's Search for an Innovative Foreign Strategy

With China’s rise to a nominal second largest economy in the world,the rapid promotion of China’s power and international status stands in stark contrast to the depression in the Western economy.The suspicion of Western powers towards rising China aggravates,and the interaction between China and outside world enters a more complicated phase.     

Beautiful Scenery and Affectionate People——Reflections on the visit to Republic of Korea with the Chinese Youth delegation

During June 15 -24, I had the pleasure to visit Republic of Korea with the Chinese Youthdelegation sent by All-China Youth Federation.At the invitation of the Ministry of Gender Equalityand Family Affairs of ROK, this visit was arrangedunder the "Youth Exchange Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and