运用数字X线摄影法测量跟骨推算身高

目的测量跟骨侧位数字X线摄影（DR）片上相关长度指标,建立跟骨推算身高的回归方程。方法应用数字X线摄影方法,在393例（男性174例,女性219例）活体（四川汉族成年人）跟骨侧位DR片上测量5项长度指标,同时测量其身高。通过各项长度测量指标与身高的线性回归分析,建立跟骨推算身高的回归方程;并对所建方程进行身高预测值与实际值的配对t检验、残差分析、等方差性检验及共线性检验。结果共建立有统计学意义的一元回归方程10个,多元回归方程3个。回归方程的复相关系数（R）在0．653～0．218范围内,身高估计值标准误（SE）在4．59～6．68cm范围。结论本研究所建立的身高推算方程,可作为四川汉族人群跟骨推算身高的依据。     

计算机X线摄片测量四川地区活体男性颈椎推算身高

目的 以计算机放射学(computer radiography,CR)X线摄影方法,摄颈椎侧位CR片,测量颈椎高度,建立推算身高的回归方程.并评估放射学方法测量颈椎高度推算身高的可行性.方法 在150例四川汉族成年活体男性颈椎CR片上测量C3～C7前、后缘高度,同时测量其身高.通过各项颈椎测量指标与身高的线性回归分析,建立颈椎推算身高的回归方程;并对方程进行身高预测值与实际值的配对t检验、残差分析、等方差性检验以及共线性检验等方程的预测与诊断.结果 共建立有统计学意义的一元回归方程31个,多元回归方程20个.所建立回归方程的复相关系数在0.656～0.259范围内,身高估计值标准误在4.30-5.79cm范围.结论 所建立的回归方程适用于四川汉族成年男性颈椎身高推算.应用CR放射学方法测量颈椎高度推算身高,可以为法医学个人识别身高推算提供帮助.     

放射影像学方法测量活体女性颈椎推算身高

目的测量颈椎高度建立四川汉族女性人群的身高推算方程，为法医学个人识别提供帮助。方法应用计算机X线摄影放射学方法，在209例四川汉族女性颈椎CR片上测量C3～C7椎体高度，并准确测量身高。按年龄是否大于45岁进行分组，对各颈椎的测量数据与身高进行线性回归分析，建立颈椎推算身高的回归方程。结果共建立一元回归方程36个，多元回归方程12个，所有回归方程经线性回归模型假设检验，均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。所建立的回归方程的复相关系数（r）在0．628～0．280范围内，回归方程的标准误在4．03～5．03cm范围内。结论本研究所建立的回归方程，可用于四川汉族女性颈椎的身高推算。     

计算机X线成像测量青少年四肢长骨推算身高

目的 应用计算机X线成像(computed radiographv,CR)测量活体上肢骨及胫腓骨正位片上相关指标,建立适合当代中国四川地区汉族14～18岁人群运用上肢骨及胫腓骨推算身高的数学模型.方法 对194例14～18岁四川汉族健康青少年进行左侧肢体上肢骨及胫腓骨正位摄片,测量特定标志点间距离,同时准确测量其身高....     

数字X线摄影测量活体脊柱胸段推算身高

目的建立人脊柱胸段长度推算身高的方法。方法应用数字X线摄影技术（DR）摄制514例中国四川汉族人群的胸部DR片，测其脊柱胸段长度，同时准确测量被研究者身高，对测量获得的脊柱胸段长度与身高数据分组进行线性回归分析，建立胸段长度推算身高的回归方程。结果建立了混合组、男性组、女性组、20—45岁男性组、大于45岁男性组、20～45岁女性组和大于45岁女性组7个回归方程，经显著性检验，均有统计学意义（P〈0．01），复相关系数（R）范围0．834～0．624，回归系数（b）范围0．259～0．389，回归方程估计值的标准误在3．88～4．72cm范围内。结论利用人类脊柱胸段长度推算身高的方法在法医学个人识别中具有重要价值。     

数字X线测量上肢长骨推算身高

目的应用数字X线测量上肢长骨,建立适合当代中国四川汉族人群长骨推算身高的回归方程。方法按纳入标准对365例四川汉族正常人进行身高测量及上肢的数字X线检查,测量上肢各长骨不同标志点之间的长度,用SPSS统计软件对各测量值与身高进行相关回归分析,并对回归方程进行回代检验。结果共建立27个一元回归方程以及3个多元回归方程,各方程都具有统计学意义。上肢长骨中,尺骨相关性大于桡骨,男性相关性大于女性,多元回归方程的准确性高于一元回归方程。结论放射学方法测量长骨推算身高是一项简单、实用的方法,更适合上肢尸块的个人识别,值得进一步研究。     

应用锁骨薄层CT容积重建影像推算四川汉族身高

目的探讨锁骨薄层CT三维容积重建影像(CT-VRT)在身高推算中的应用价值,以期更新我国西南地区身高推算数据,为鉴定实践提供技术支撑。方法应用300例锁骨薄层CT-VRT影像,测量并计算左侧锁骨长(LCL)、右侧锁骨长(RCL)、双侧锁骨均长(ACL),分析身高与LCL、RCL、ACL相关性及性别差异,建立身高推算线性回归方程,并对所建模型进行回代检验。结果男性、女性ACL和身高的相关系数分别为0.534、0.707;LCL和身高的相关系数分别为0.484、0.680;RCL和身高的相关系数分别为0.523、0.695。分别建立ACL、LCL、RCL男女性身高推算线性回归模型。回代检验示ACL方程男性身高推算平均绝对误差(MAD)为4.48cm,女性MAD为3.51cm;LCL方程男性身高推算MAD为4.60cm,女性MAD为3.64cm;RCL方程男性身高推算MAD为4.49cm,女性MAD为3.59cm。结论建立的推算身高的回归方程具有统计学意义,模型预测精度较高,表明利用薄层CT-VRT影像测量的锁骨可运用于四川汉族人群身高推算研究。但模型R2较小,因此在应用ACL进行身高推算时最好结合其他指标。     

山东半岛地区大学生手长足长与身高关系的研究

对山东半岛地区1000名汉族大学生的手长、足长和身高进行活体测量。经统计学处理，求出由手长、足长与身高相互推算的回归方程式。相关系数为0．51～0．66，其中男性高于女性。由手长推算身高的回归方程式较由足长推算身高的回归方程式，有较高的相关系数和较低的标准估计误差。     

基于腰椎高度X线测量技术推断四川汉族女性身高

目的通过腰椎高度X线测量技术,建立四川汉族女性身高的数学模型,为法医人类学研究积累基础数据。方法收集206例四川汉族女性个体按年龄分为A、B、C 3组,其中A组(206例)不分年龄,B组(116例)为20~45岁,C组(90例)为45岁以上,并应用计算机X线摄影(computer radiography,CR)技术分别测量所有样本腰椎CR片中5个椎体(L1~L5)前缘、后缘、中央高度(x1~x15),脊柱腰段中央总长度(x16),同时测量每个个体真实身高,对各测量指标联合与身高的相关性进行线性回归分析,建立推断身高的数学模型,并重新选取62例样本代入数学模型,检验模型的准确性。结果所建立的数学模型经线性回归模型假设检验,均具有统计学意义(P0.05),回归方程的推断标准误为2.982~5.004cm,相关系数为0.370~0.779,复相关系数为0.533~0.834。对每组相关系数、复相关系数最高的方程进行回代检验,其中A组的y=100.33+1.489 x3-0.548 x6+0.772 x9+0.058 x12+0.645 x15的准确率最高,为80.6%(±1SE)、100%(±2SE)。结论本研究建立的数学模型适用于推断四川汉族女性身高。     

根据中国汉族成年男性椎体推断身长

对113具有确切生前资料记载的中国汉族成年男性的颈、胸、腰椎椎体前后高进行测量，求出了中国汉族成年男性颈、胸、腰椎椎体前后高的正常值。同时对测量数据用多元线性回归和逐步回归的方法进行统计处理，得到了16个根据颈、胸、腰椎椎体前后局测量推算身长的回归方程。复相关系数R在0．37～0．81之间，标准差在5厘米左右，有一定实用价值。     

Stature reconstruction using fragmentary femora in South Africans of European descent

It is well documented that the intact femur has the highest correlation with stature and as such has been widely used in the derivation of regression equations for stature estimation. As intact femur is not always present for analyses in forensic cases, it has become necessary to derive regression equations for the estimation of stature from fragments of this bone. Few studies have presented regression equations for stature estimation from fragments of the femur. Because these equations are population specific, it was the aim of this study to derive similar equations for estimation of stature and maximum length of femur from measurements of the femur of South Africans of European descent. A sample of 50 male and 50 female complete skeletons were obtained from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons. Total skeletal height for each of the skeletons was calculated using the Fully's method. Six variables were measured on each femur which included the vertical neck diameter, upper breadth of femur, epicondylar breadth, bicondylar breadth, lateral condyle length, and medial condyle length. Regression equations for the estimation of stature are presented. The range of standard error of estimate for these equations (3.71-5.31) was slightly higher than those obtained for intact long bones (2.13-3.79). It is therefore suggested that in the absence of intact femur, regression equations derived from the present study can provide a reliable estimate of adult stature.     

Using tibia fragments from South Africans of European descent to estimate maximum tibia length and stature

Intact long limb bones have been used in the derivation of regression equations for stature assessment in different population groups. Since intact long bones are not always present for analyses in forensic cases, it has become necessary to derive regression equations for the estimation of stature from the fragments of these bones which are obtained in forensic and archaeological cases. Regression equations have been derived for stature estimation from fragments of the tibia. Since these equations are population specific, it was the aim of this study to derive similar equations for estimation of stature and maximum tibia length from measurements of different fragments of tibia of South Africans of European descent. Analyses were based on a sample of 50 male and 50 female complete skeletons of adult South Africans of European descent. Total skeletal height for the individual skeletons was measured using the Fully's (anatomical) method. Six variables were measured on the tibia which included the medial tibial condyle lengths and breadths, lateral tibial condyle lengths and breadths, proximal breadth and distal breadth. Univariate and multivariate regression equations were formulated for estimation of total skeletal height (and subsequent estimation of living stature) and maximum tibial length from measurements of the tibia. The standard errors of estimate for the equations were higher than those obtained for intact long bones which when present in forensic cases should be used for stature estimation. In the absence of intact long bones, the equations derived from the present study can provide a reliable estimate of skeletal height and living stature.     

Sexing and stature estimation criteria for Balkan populations

Abstract:  Two standard measurements, maximum femur length and head diameter, were collected by International Criminal Tribunal (ICTY) anthropologists. Only Kosovans had both femur dimensions for both sexes. Antemortem stature data were available only for Kosovan and Croatian males. Despite these limitations, the data offer the opportunity to examine ethnic variation and to present sex and stature estimation criteria for these groups. Additional data from Croatians and from American Whites were used for comparison in certain parts of the analysis. Femur variation was considerable. Kosovans can be characterized as short and robust, Bosnians as tall and less robust, and Croatians are tall and gracile, resembling American Whites more than the other groups. Some limited antemortem data on stature was also available, allowing stature estimation equations to be estimated for Croatians and Kosovans. Antemortem stature estimates were obtained from interviews with relatives and are shown to overestimate actual stature. We argue that equations predicting height obtained from relatives is the most realistic in this case because that is the height to which an estimate obtained from bone lengths will be compared. Kosovans were also shown to have experienced slight secular increase in femur length over the past 70 years.