合作安全视角下中国非传统安全问题研究

全球化进程中我国的非传统安全出现了国内安全国际化和国际安全国内化的明显趋势,国内安全与国际安全环境的相互依赖进一步加深,互动关系更加明显。"一方面,使我国在处理国际安全问题和外交事务中,来自国内的压力增大,要求对外安全选择必须顾及国内各阶层和民众的利益,更多考虑社会的反映。另一方面,使我国国内安全政策的制定和实施越来越多地受到来自国际社会的制约,而不得不更多地考虑地区稳定和国际社会的承受能力。"①     

政策转移研究的相关学术视域

政策转移研究是20世纪90年代西方政治学界和比较公共政策研究领域的新视点.随着全球化时代政策转移现象的勃兴,政策转移研究受到西方国家政府和学术界越来越多的关注.政策转移的研究与政策扩散、经验吸取、政策趋同、政策学习、法律移植的概念视域有着密切而复杂的关系.研究发现,政策转移与这些概念视域之间存在交叉关系、因果关系,研究视域的关注重点不同.厘清这些概念视域的关系对于政策转移的研究具有基础性意义.     

全球化背景下政府权力的分化

全球化是世界历史发展的必然趋势,它正以一种不以任何人的意志为转移的发展逻辑和严峻现实而受到世界的普遍关注.我国的以"权力下放,职能转变"为重点的行政改革必将受到全球化广泛而深刻、持久而复杂的影响.从全球化的视角出发,分析政府权力分化的问题,我们认识到行政改革必须面向世界、面向经济.     

基于素质教育的国际投资教学改革

随着经济全球化进程的日益深入,世界各国的投资活动日益频繁,这对从事国际投资人员的素质要求越来越高,本文从素质教育的理念出发,探讨高校国际投资课程教学中存在问题的角度进行分析,提出高校国际投资人才的培养,应采用动态的教学方法、互动的教学方法以及实践的教学方法进行教学,以提高我国国际投资人才的素质.     

论新时期我党意识形态执政资源建设

全球化是自工业革命以来最重大的世界资源重组。为了避免错失历史机遇,我国选择了"和平崛起"的发展战略。这是在现行国际政治经济格局下对世界历史上以武力扩张为特征的国家发展模式的创新和超越,实质是在同全球化相联系而不是相脱离的进程中,在同国际社会实现互利共赢的进程中,独立自主地建设中国特色社会主义。这就要求我党意识形态执政资源必须成为具有与时俱进品质的开放体系,在指导思想明确的前提下,切实承担起制度建设、文化建设、民意建设的重任,为综合国力竞争中国家软实力的大幅提升提供强大而持久的意识形态支撑。     

论金融全球化对我国金融的影响及推进对策

金融全球化是世界经济发展中一种不可逆转的趋势,它对世界各国金融发展的影响是深远的。对于我国来说,大力推进金融全球化的进程是一种必然的选择。然而,在我国推进金融全球化的进程中,存在着制度、体制、政策环境等多种因素的制约。深化改革,强化中央银行的独立性,提高金融宏观调控水平;培育有竞争力的金融市场主体;进一步完善金融机构体系和多层次、开放的金融市场体系,积极构建国际性和区域性的金融中心;完善金融监管体系,是促进我国金融全球化的重要保证。     

建构主义国际关系理论对中国和平发展的启迪

以温特为代表的主流建构主义国际关系理论从本体论和方法论上重新认识国际体系与国家关系,重新界定现实主义关于权力、利益以及无政府结构的认识.建构主义理论大大开阔了我国国际关系理论的视野,有助于我们从共有价值观念分析当代国际社会与国际关系的演变,这对于中国在全球化进程中更加积极地参与国际组织与国际事务,有效地维护国家利益,塑造中国的和平大国形象具有重要的启迪作用.     

技术扩散的三个特点──跨国公司与国际技术转移

国际技术转移，就其本质而言， 就是技术创新的国际扩散。 任何一国的经济增长都不可避免地与成功的国际技术转移相联系。在经济全球化日益深化的今天，国际技术转移越来越频繁，规模也在不断扩大。与此相适应，跨国公司，特别是来自发达国家的跨国经营企业也越来越成为国际技术转移的主角，并且呈现出三个与以往迥然不同的新特点。研究开发国际化程度不断提高 研究开发的国际化，就是跨国公司的科学技术知识生产和供应活动越来越多地从跨国经营企业的母国转移到具有较高研究开发实力的其他国家或者地区，以利用当地雄厚的研究开发优势或者…     

科技全球化与我国科技政策取向

科技全球化是经济全球化的重要组成部分,也是经济全球化的强大动力源和根本保障。通过对科技全球化内涵、特征及对我国科技发展影响的分析,提出了适合我国科技发展的科技政策的主要取向,即建立健全科技法律法规、加大执法力度;政策扶持与R&D投资主体多元化;选择性地引进与自主创新相结合;实施人才强国战略;促进多边的科技合作和积极参与国际科技规则的制定等。     

全球化:歧义纷沓的解说与真实的历史进程(上)

"全球化"是当今世界无所不在的话语,也是最惹争议的话题.在迄今的现代化和"全球化"进程中,人类生存环境遭受了巨大的压力和破坏,许多原来局部的地区性的问题,现在都变得普遍化、全球化了.已经发生的全球化进程并不限于经济领域.而由新自由主义所支配的经济全球化,给众多发展中国家所带来的与其说是福音,不如说更像一场"全球化颠峰状态"的车祸.以相互竞争的民族国家和现代世界体系为载体、以人类对自然界的征服为标志的"现代化"必将被超越,作为这种世界体系和现代化继续的"帝国"和"全球化"也必将被超越.     

国家间公共政策的转移——概念、研究态势和理论

公共政策的制定者在决策过程中往往通过某种方式来参考其它国家的决策者在相似情况下的做法,包括正面经验和负面教训。这种政策转移(Policy Transfer)现象是公共政策制定和制度创新在现实中的一种主要途径和方式。论述分三个部分:首先,简述了政策转移的概念化过程,辨别了和其它相近概念的异同;其次,勾勒了本课题研究的多学科、多方法和多层次的态势,列举和介绍了一些代表性的研究实例;最后,探讨了相关的理论生成的问题。通过对有关政策转移问题研究的回顾、分析和总结,强调了我国政策转移中大量转移实践和理论研究缺失之间的矛盾现象;提出了开展我国政策转移研究的必要性和关注点;旨在引起我国公共政策的制定者和学者对这一课题的重视,为公共政策有关的决策实践和理论研究提供一个观察、分析和决策的角度。     

International Organizations in Transfer of Infectious Diseases: Iterative Loops of Adoption, Adaptation, and Marketing

Over the past few years increasing attention has been given to the role of international organizations in the diffusion of policy ideas and promotion of particular macro-level policies. Much of the attention has been on the ideological driving forces behind such policies, and on the extent to which the policies are externally imposed. There has been limited discussion on the bread-and-butter, technical policies of international organizations, and how they devise, adopt, adapt, and then promote what come to be seen as policies of global "best practice." This paper seeks to redress this gap by looking at the process of transfer of two infectious disease policies between international and national levels. It demonstrates that international organizations play different roles in policy transfer at particular stages in the process. The paper suggests that health policy transfer is a long adaptive process, made up of several iterative loops, as research and clinical practices developed in one or more countries are adopted, adapted, and taken up by international organizations which then mobilize support for particular policies, market, and promote them. Assumptions that new ideas about policies flow "rationally" into existing decision making are challenged by the processes analyzed here. Policy transfer, given the experience of these infectious diseases policies, goes through separate, "bottom-up," research-oriented, and "top-down" marketing-oriented loops. Individuals and different configurations of networks play key roles linking these loops. In the process, complex, context-specific policies are repackaged into simplified guidelines for global best practice, leading to considerable contestation within the policy networks.     

What work makes policy?

The mainstream policy literature identifies a number of activities as part of ‘policy-making’: ‘policy analysis’, ‘policy advice’, ‘decision-making’, and perhaps also ‘implementation’ and ‘evaluation’. Describing policy in these terms is compatible with the Western cultural account, and these terms tend to be applied to positions, organisational segments and official procedures. But policy practitioners tend to find that on the one hand, their experience of their work bears little resemblance to the assumptions in this policy-making model, and on the other, that policy outcomes seem to reflect much broader processes than the work of specialist functionaries. On closer examination, we find that our thinking about policy activity draws on several distinct and potentially conflicting perspectives, and that what is seen as ‘policy work’ depends on the conceptualisation of the policy process. Framing the question in this way helps to understand the apparent differences between mainstream (American) accounts of policy activity and policy practice in other political systems.     

Congressional Activism in the Foreign Policy Arena: A Case Study of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide

This article analyzes congressional activism during an international crisis. Using the 1994 Rwandan genocide as a case, this study explores executive–congressional relations during a time when immediate policy responses are needed. A content analysis of policy statements made during committees, on the House floor, and on the Senate floor is used to investigate the specific policy ideas proposed by members of Congress. The models presented pay particular attention to the actions of Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) members, in relation to other more common predictors of congressional activism. In addition to the results for CBC members, other conclusions indicate that foreign policy leaders in Congress are international affairs policy experts without serious concerns of being defeated in their next election.     

Non-Governmental Policy Transfer: The Strategies of Independent Policy Institutes

Discussions of policy transfer have primarily focused on official actors and networks. The non-governmental mode of policy transfer via foundations, think tanks and non-governmental organizations is a relatively neglected dimension. Accordingly, this paper addresses the role of think tanks in promoting the spread of policy ideas about privatization. The importance of think tanks to policy transfer is their ability to diffuse ideas by (1) acting as a clearing-house for information; (2) their involvement in the advocacy of ideas; (3) their involvement in domestic and transnational policy networks; and (4) their intellectual and scholarly base providing expertise on specialized policy issues. Concepts from comparative public policy and international relations such as "social learning" and "epistemic communities" are used to outline the way think tanks advocate innovative policy ideas. However, not only have think tanks been effective in promoting the transfer of policy ideas, the international spread of think tanks also exhibits organizationaltransfer.     

动态均衡视角下的政策变迁规律研究

公共政策在其动态运行过程中,政策变迁是一个自然的过程环节。所谓政策变迁是指不同政策间的替代与转换过程①。这一过程是否遵循某种一般性规律,理论界对此一直缺乏必要的研究探讨。从动态均衡的视角看来,可以将政策变迁过程分为政策失衡、政策创新、政策均衡3个阶段。其中,政策失衡指的是愿意改变既定政策的政策参与者的集合力量,超过愿意维持既定政策的政策参与者的力量集合时的一种状态;而政策均衡则表示与之相反的一种状态。政策创新是指由旧政策到新政策的实质性转换过程。通过这3个环节,拟揭示出政策变迁过程中政策从原有均衡状态演变为失衡状态,再通过创新变革向新的均衡状态转变这一规律。     

新中国的对外开放历程:概述与思考

系统地考察1949年建国以后中国对外开放的三个阶段,并探讨了造成各个阶段不同特点的国际背景和国内根源。中国的对外开放,很大程度上受制于传统的影响和国内政治的状况,是一场深刻的革命。从部分开放到闭关自守再到开放,本身已经成为一种新的"传统",反过来对国内政治和传统文化施加着强大的影响。对外开放的范围和程度必须予以反思,以防止民族文化的危机。     

Introduction: The OECD and Policy Transfer: Comparative Case Studies

Abstract

The six articles in this issue examine the role of the OECD in policy transfer. Two articles (Kudrle on international tax agreements, and Legrand and Vas on Australia’s vocational and educational training policy) conclude that the OECD has been influential, albeit in a grinding and lengthy way. Two others (Clifton on the OECD’s “enhanced engagement” policy with five G-20 countries, and Eccleston and Woodward on tax transparency) find the OECD’s influence either patchier or even dysfunctional. Carroll’s article provides a novel analysis of policy transfer through accession processes, while Alasuutari explores transfer in terms of a comparative analysis of policy rationalizations that refer to the OECD as a “standard.” A common theme of all six articles is the way in which policy transfer is driven by exogenous pressures and crises, and how international governmental organizations like the OECD exploit these pressures to protect and expand their global relevance.     

The OECD and “The Rest”: Analyzing the Limits of Policy Transfer

Abstract

Prompted by the rise of the emerging economies and the growing importance of the G20, the OECD has formally announced its intention of establishing itself as a key actor in global policy coordination. As part of this ambition, it has embarked on cultivating closer relations with five G20 countries it designated as key partners through the so-called “Enhanced Engagement” programme: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa. This article mobilizes concepts from the policy transfer literature to explain why the OECD’s attempts to increasingly involve all five countries in its policy have fallen short of its original ambitions, and also why the transfer of its policy work has been uneven across policy and country issue.     

Building Political Participation: The Role of Family Policy and Political Science Courses

This mixed-methods study examined the long-term associations between two kinds of politics courses—required political science courses and required family policy courses—and the political participation, knowledge, skill, efficacy, and politically engaged identity of child and family studies alumni. Two special cases were examined: those who remembered their required political science and policy courses compared with the other groups. Additionally, open-ended responses were coded and analyzed. Together, the quantitative and qualitative data suggest that college courses impacted alumni political awareness in college but political awareness did not translate as strongly into later political participation as previous literature has assumed. Findings highlight the importance of postcollege personal connections and work experience in shaping political participation. Educators and researchers should consider this complex relationship between what students learn in college and what they may later experience in adulthood when developing curriculum for students who are not political science majors.