制定配套贸易法规 保护汽车销售渠道

在入世缓冲期内,跨国汽车企业在中国加速了战略布局,积极扩张经营,加强了对汽车产业链的全面控制。我国颁布实施《汽车品牌销售管理办法》后,跨国汽车企业凭借手中的品牌优势,借政策之力整合和控制汽车销售渠道,企图扼制我国民族汽车工业的发展,达到垄断中国汽车市场的目的。本文分析了入世缓冲期内汽车主流销售渠道的形成,外商对销售渠道的控制以及这种控制对我国民族工业和汽车市场的影响,并对如何实施反控制提出了点滴建议。     

吉林省汽车后市场发展路径探析

做为吉林省的支柱产业,吉林省汽车业当前仍处于＂重制造、轻服务＂的发展阶段,汽车前市场相对完善,而汽车后市场则刚刚起步。随着我国汽车业的竞争逐渐进入后市场时代,这必将成为吉林省汽车业发展的桎梏。本文立足于吉林省汽车产业的发展现状,分析了吉林省汽车后市场存在的问题,并对吉林省汽车后市场未来的发展路径进行了初步探索,旨在为吉林省汽车后市场的规范和建设提供有益思路。     

我国汽车召回制度存在的问题及对策研究

随着经济的快速发展,我国汽车需求量日益增加。但是,缺陷汽车产品进入市场所引起的公共安全问题也成为公众普遍关注的热点。本文以我国汽车召回制度为研究对象,对其定义、功能等进行分析,得出我国汽车召回制度存在问题,最终提出完善我国汽车召回制度的对策、建议。     

由汽车消费引发的社会思考

随着我国经济的发展，人民生活水平的提高，我国的汽车工业正步入一个快速发展的快车道，汽车开始普及到普通家庭，并且势头迅猛，我国出现了汽车市场的第二次“井喷”，我们已经进入了一个崭新的汽车时代。在人们出行方便、品位上升、生活舒适的同时，汽车行业的繁荣又给现代城市生活带来了什么呢？     

中国汽车工业专利工作现状分析及对策研究

专利作为衡量技术创新能力和水平的重要标志,已被社会所公认.同样,利用专利制度促进汽车工业技术进步,提升汽车制造业的水平具有重要意义.本文通过对我国汽车行业专利工作现状的分析,借鉴跨国汽车公司的经验,对此问题加以研究并提出对策.     

对我国汽车消费信贷保证保险实践的理论分析

本文在界定汽车消费信贷保证保险承保风险的基础上,对我国汽车消费信贷保证保险的市场现状进行了分析,并探讨了我国汽车消费信贷保证保险发展的制约因素,最后提出了我国发展汽车消费信贷保证保险业务的几点建议。     

我国缺陷汽车产品召回法律制度研究

缺陷汽车产品召回制度得以建立的逻辑起点在于市场失灵。该制度以维护社会公共安全与公众利益为根本价值追求,属于经济法的范畴。文章将在阐释缺陷汽车产品召回制度的概念、法律特征的基础上,从法经济学与经济法学的视角剖析该制度的理论基础,进而结合我国缺陷汽车产品召回的现状,对我国现行缺陷汽车产品召回法律制度的实施困境展开分析,最后有针对性地提出完善意见。     

浅析我国汽车金融公司的发展

我国加入世贸组织以来,汽车产业发展迅速,与汽车生产相关的金融服务也日益得到重视,汽车金融产业对我国的微观经济产生的积极作用日益显现。在国外,汽车金融业的发展已经十分成熟和完善,而在我国,汽车金融公司的发展受到许多因素的制约,这些因素也是我国政府及汽车相关产业亟待解决的问题。本文在分析了制约我国汽车金融业发展的因素之后,提出了促进我国汽车金融公司发展的一些措施。     

规范汽车市场让汽车“进入”家庭

我国加入WTO以后，为推动汽车业的发展尤其是推动轿车业的发展。依法让家用汽车进入家庭。就成为亟待解决的问题。对此。笔者建议从以下几个方面入手：     

中国汽车安全警报——汽车安全的法规软肋——访清华大学汽车碰撞试验室主任、碰撞法规起草人之一张金换教授

碰撞法规的强制性，将使汽车安全性能在很大程度上得到保障。我国碰撞法规实施和执行的情况如何，作为国内第一个开展汽车碰撞研究的权威机构，清华大学汽车碰撞试验室在汽车安全领域具有一定的发言权。同时记看了解到我国的碰撞法规都是基于清华大学汽车碰撞试验室的试验而做出的。为此《法人》采访了清华大学汽车碰撞试验室主任、碰撞法规起蔓人之一的张金换教授。     

Drugs in injured drivers in Denmark

As part of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL) under the European Commission's Transport RTD Programme of the 5th Framework Programme [I.M. Bernhoft, Drugs in accidents involved drivers in Denmark, D-R4.3 of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods Of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL), www.immortal.or.at, 2005], a study regarding drugs in accident-involved drivers was carried out in Denmark. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to collect and analyse samples from injured drivers for the presence of drugs; (2) to give an indication whether drugs may have contributed to traffic accidents; and (3) to get information on the drug-positive drivers and their drug use. This paper focuses on objective 1. Injured drivers who were treated in hospital were asked to give a saliva sample, a blood sample or both. The samples were screened for the following substances: opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, incl. MDMA (ecstasy), cannabinoids and metabolites, cocaine and metabolites and benzodiazepines. Screenings were carried out by means of Cozart Microplate EIA kit. Positive screenings were confirmation analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In total, 26 out of 330 patients were confirmed positive for one or more of the six drug groups. However, three patients were excluded from the survey for various reasons. Of the remaining 23 drug-positive patients 15 were found positive for one drug group, and in five of these cases alcohol was present in a concentration over the legal limit in Denmark (0.05%). The other eight patients were found positive for two drug groups, and in four of these cases, alcohol was also present in a concentration over the legal limit. Alcohol was found both in combinations with medicinal drugs, with illegal drugs and with both. Based on the saliva or blood concentrations, we estimate that there is a strong suspicion of impairment in 9 out of 23 cases, and in another six cases it was likely that the drivers were impaired.     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

Competence in caring in legal practice

This article is concerned with the stories of female solicitors working in Queensland, Australia, and their account of ethics in practice. These narratives were sought and made in the context of our project investigating complaints received against practitioners in this jurisdiction. Our interviews with female lawyers were intended to provide more insight into complaints matters. Yet this discussion revealed broader insights into ethical questions about the nature of lawyer–client relationships and legal professionalism. This article considers these accounts by reflecting on the concept of ‘care’ and its fit with legal practice requirements today. In doing so, we consider the difficult gendered question of the relationship between caring and ‘women's’ practice. We do not assert a true woman's working style; we seek to contextualise our empirical research by tracing the complex effect of gender on lawyering roles. Finally, we suggest that the adoption of caring practice is a valid approach to lawyering and call for a caring approach to be re-valued in the legal professional context as an ethical proposition.