商业贿赂专项治理要义

进行商业贿赂专项治理,需要把握好其总体目标、原则与方法中央决定对商业贿赂进行专项治理,表明商业贿赂是当前最突出的腐败问题,同时也说明对商业贿赂问题的治理工作相对落后于反腐倡廉其他有关工作。因此,商业贿赂专项治理,既是反腐败斗争的深     

整治商业贿赂——打击罪恶之花与重塑市场道德

商业贿赂是指经营者以排斥竞争对手为目的,为使自己在销售或购买商品或提供服务等业务活动中获得利益,而采取的向交易相对人及其职员或其代理人提供或许诺提供某种利益,从而实现交易的不正当竞争行为。商业贿赂的危害性极大,治理的对策是:规范反商业贿赂的法律;设立专门机构管理商业贿赂问题;把治理商业贿赂专项工作作为反腐倡廉的重点。     

从大局着眼治理商业贿赂

治理商业贿赂需要统一认识,着眼长远,本着与时俱进、开拓创新的精神,理清基本思路根据中央的部署,治理商业贿赂是一项涉及面广、政策性强、十分复杂的系统工程,是一项长期而艰巨的任务。只有树立正确的指导思想,才可能有正确的思路和对策措施。而树立正确的指导思想,需要把治理商业贿赂工作放在党和国家的工作大局中来考虑,具体地说,应当着眼于以下六个方面来研究部署治理商业贿赂工作。     

我国治理商业贿赂法律体系的现状及完善途径

当前我国存在的商业贿赂已经严重影响我国经济健康发展和社会正常运行,运用法制手段大力治理商业贿赂刻不容缓。本文从我国治理商业贿赂的法律体系现状研究出发,仔细分析其中的不足之处,并从法律角度提出相关改善意见。     

谈对商业贿赂的治理

商业贿赂是腐败的一种主要表现形式。商业贿赂曾导致许多国家经济发展受阻、腐败横生、社会动荡。有些国家的政权甚至因贿赂丑闻而垮台。从上世纪70年代起，商业贿赂现象逐渐引起一些国家和国际组织的重视，人们对商业贿赂危害性的认识日趋深刻，一些国际组织先后出台了不同的治理对策。许多国家加强了惩治商业贿赂的立法。目前，国际社会在治理商业贿赂的立法、司法、行政、企业自律等许多方面都取得了丰富的经验。这些经验对我国反商业贿赂也有着重要借鉴意义。     

读贵刊“商业贿赂专项治理要义”一文有感

中央决定对商业贿赂进行专项治理,表明了问题的严重性以及专项治理的重要性。对商业贿赂的专项治理,实际是反腐败斗争的深入,也是反腐败斗争的重要组成部分。现在对待专项治理商业贿赂,群众拍手叫好,寄予希望。但有两类干部态度消极,一类     

商业贿赂犯罪控制机制的反思与重构

商业贿赂是中国社会转型时期经济腐败最为重要的形式之一.我国治理商业贿赂的专项斗争虽产生了积极效果,但构建于传统的、以"二元论"企业角色观为基础,以作为受贿主体的国家工作人员为规制重点的商业贿赂犯罪控制模式,并未切中商业贿赂犯罪"上游犯罪"之根本,具有一定的局限性.以"一元论"企业角色观为基础,以企业社会责任为视角,以作为行贿主体的企业及其工作人员为规制重点,提出商业贿赂治理新思路,并以此构建中国反商业贿赂长效机制,可以弥补传统治理商业贿赂思路的局限性.     

公共服务领域商业贿赂的特点与治理

公共服务领域的商、贿赂较之纯粹商业领域的贿赂对社会公平具有更大的破坏性，因为它不仅损害了市场规则的公平性，增加交易成本，败坏了商业道德和市场秩序，更直接腐蚀公职人员和公共服务体制，侵害了公众的普遍利益，使得治理难度更大，损失难以挽回。因此，公共服务领域的商业贿赂应该成为打击商业贿赂工作的重点。     

商业贿赂的道德危害

当前,社会上商业贿赂案件层出不穷,为害甚烈。据披露,2005年8月至2006年12月,全国共查处商业贿赂案件17084件。商业贿赂破坏市场交易规则、诚信原则和市场经济秩序,侵害群众利益,诱发腐败行为和经济犯罪,毒害社会风气,损害我国国际形象,已成为影响我国经济生活和社会发展的突出问题。开展治理商业贿赂专项工作,是一项复杂的系统工程。严厉打击商业贿赂行为,既要构建抑制商业贿赂的法律制度体系,又要构建抑制商业贿赂的道德规范体系,达到标本兼治的目的。本刊推出“特别策划”栏目,推出国家软科学计划项目《抑制商业贿赂的道德分析及对策建议》(项目编号:2006GXS2B050)的部分研究成果,深入探讨“构建抵御商业贿赂的道德机制”。     

精英分层、派系结盟与农村社区共同体文化建设——基于J省H社区的调研

现阶段中国农村社区并没有形成严格意义上的"多中心治理"格局,乡村精英之间的权力博弈、利益争夺与话语权竞争仍然存在,由此产生"团结建设村庄,分裂治理村庄"的悖论。拥有政治、经济、文化等多种身份的"跨界精英"处于治理集团上层,只拥有某一种身份的"单一精英"则采取派系结盟的手段对抗跨界精英,这就造成乡村精英不同群体之间缺乏共识与信任,精英群体内部分裂是导致乡村治理"碎片化"的重要根源。全面深化农村治理体制改革,必须加快推进农村社区共同体文化建设,在乡村精英层面凝聚共识、形成合力,协同治理好经济新常态下农村社区面临的利益整合、权力重构、文化认同、社会和谐、生态治理等五大问题。     

高校领导干部权力运行监控体系的建构

当前，高校领导干部权力腐败问题呈现出腐败领域集中、腐败手段隐蔽、腐败影响恶劣等特点，如何有效遏制高校领导干部腐败问题是我们必须面对的一个重要的政治问题。加强对高校领导干部权力运行的监控，既是高校改革发展题中之义，更是高校党风廉政建设和反腐败工作的重要任务。针对高校权力运行失范及其制度性缺陷，提出高校领导干部权力运行监控体系建设必须构建干部自律长效机制，党风廉政建设的责任机制、权力运行的公开机制，权力运行的程序机制，廉政风险预警机制，多方合力的监督机制及依法治校的创新机制。     

Localization,Formalism, and Passivity: Symbols Shaping Bribe Offers in Azerbaijan

The article analyses a neglected side of corruption – citizen-initiated bribe offers in Azerbaijan. The main rationale for taking a citizen focus on corruption is to identify whether citizen choices support state-led anti-corruption initiatives. Drawing on a survey of 1002 respondents, the research shows that ‘tolerance of corruption’ is high among the population in Azerbaijan. Logistic regression results show that bribe offers among citizens are associated with localization and formal value orientations. This means that the respondents pro-actively use bribes and readily bend laws to their own local interests. Thus, bribe offers constitute around half of the entire variation in corruption in Azerbaijan. Therefore, a successful fight against corruption cannot be confined to the eradication of only bureaucratic bribe demand, but needs to take into account corruption choices of the population too.     

Mining and Local Corruption in Africa

We investigate whether mining affects local corruption in Africa. Several cross‐country analyses report that natural resources have adverse effects on political institutions by increasing corruption, whereas other country‐level studies show no evidence of such “political resource curses.” These studies face well‐known endogeneity and other methodological issues, and employing micro‐level data would allow for drawing stronger inferences. Hence, we connect 92,762 Afrobarometer survey respondents to spatial data on 496 industrial mines. Using a difference‐in‐differences strategy, we find that mining increases bribe payments, and this result is robust to using alternative models. Mines are initially located in less corrupt areas, but mining areas turn more corrupt after mines open. When exploring mechanisms, we find that local economic activity relates differently to corruption in mining and non‐mining areas, suggesting that mining income incentivizes and enables local officials already present to require more bribes.     

Corporate Governance and Corruption: A Cross-Country Analysis

Because the empirical literature on the causes of corruption has focused primarily on the demand side of corruption, that is, the corrupt officials who receive bribe payments, the role of the private sector as the supply side of corruption has not been examined thoroughly in this literature. In this article, it is argued that corporate governance is among the important factors determining the level of corruption. Using a cross-country data set, hypotheses that explicitly link various measures of corporate governance to the level of corruption are tested. The results show that corporate governance standards can have profound impacts on the effectiveness of the global anticorruption campaign.     

浅析行贿受贿行为

本文以理性经济人假设为立论前提,运用博弈模型、决策树和心理分析的方法对行贿受贿行为进行了动机分析,试图回答下列问题:人们为什么要行贿?公务员为什么会受贿?低薪为什么易导致"腐败"?怎样抑制行贿受贿现象的蔓延?并在此基础上提出"高薪养廉"、"健全法治"、"强化惩处"的政策主张.     

How much income redistribution? An?explanation based on?vote-buying and?corruption

This paper studies how income tax rates are determined and how they are related to government corruption in the form of fund capture. A?model is presented where rich voters can block redistribution by buying the votes of some poor voters. In equilibrium there is only limited redistribution and income tax rates are a negative function of government corruption. When rich voters can bribe the government, an additional equilibrium with zero taxation is possible. The link between corruption and tax rates is tested using cross country data; the empirical evidence is fully consistent with the predictions of the model.     

Corruption, Political Allegiances, and Attitudes Toward Government in Contemporary Democracies

Using surveys conducted in sixteen mature and newly established democracies around the globe, this study examines the effect of corruption on people's attitudes toward government. The analysis demonstrates that citizens in countries with higher levels of corruption express more negative evaluations of the performance of the political system and exhibit lower levels of trust in civil servants. However, the results also show that the negative effect of corruption on evaluations of the political system is significantly attenuated among supporters of the incumbent political authorities. These findings provide strong and systematic evidence that informal political practices, especially those that compromise important democratic principles, should be considered important indicators of political system performance. Moreover, they imply that, while corruption is a powerful determinant of political support across widely varying political, cultural, and economic contexts, it does not uniformly diminish support for political institutions across all segments of the electorate.     

Independent Professional Bureaucracies and Street-Level Bribery: Comparing Changes in Civil Service Law and Implementation in Latin America

Using cross-sectional data, studies of the relation between merit-based bureaucracies and corruption usually find that nations with more professional and politically independent bureaucracies have lower corruption. However, cross-section designs cannot test this policy claim. This study adopts a pre-test?post-test design using lagged data comparing changes in civil service laws and implementation in eight Latin American countries from 2004 to 2012 and data reporting subsequent change in bribe requests by the bureaucrats that the laws are intended to affect. Raising questions about the validity of previous results, it is found that improved laws and implementation were associated with no or increased bribe requests.     

当前农村“村官”腐败问题与对策

“村官”腐败主要表现为以权谋私的经济腐败、失职渎职的政治腐败、生活腐化的道德腐败。“村官”腐败不仅直接侵害了农民的切身利益,降低了党和政府在群众中的威信,还引发出干群矛盾甚至群体事件,严重破坏了经济社会的发展和稳定。“村官”腐败与中国转型期经济、政治、社会、文化等诸多因素的深刻变化密切相关,是一个复杂的社会系统问题。必须按照中央关于构建惩治和预防腐败体系建设的要求,把反腐倡廉建设融入农村经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设和党的建设之中,建立健全与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的融教育、制度、监督、改革、惩处于一体的农村党风廉政建设与反腐败工作新机制：一要加强教育引导,增强“村官”拒腐防变能力;二要完善制度体系,规范“村官”廉洁从政行为：三要强化监督管理,保障“村官”权力正确运行;四要加大惩处力度,增加“村官”腐败违纪成本;五要深化改革创新,消除“村官”腐败的滋生土壤。只有这样,才能从根本上全面有效地遏制“村官”腐败。     

Corruption as a Self‐Fulfilling Prophecy: Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Costa Rica

An influential literature argues that corruption behaves as a self‐fulfilling prophecy. Its central claim is that the individual returns to corruption are a function of the perceived corruptibility of the other members of society. Empirically, this implies that if one were to exogenously increase beliefs about societal levels of corruption, willingness to engage in corruption should also increase. We evaluate this implication by utilizing an information experiment embedded in a large‐scale household survey recently conducted in the Gran Área Metropolitana of Costa Rica. Changes in beliefs about corruption were induced via the random assignment of an informational display depicting the increasing percentage of Costa Ricans who have personally witnessed an act of corruption. Consistent with the self‐fulfilling prophecy hypothesis, we find that internalizing the information from the display on average increased the probability that a respondent would be willing to bribe a police officer by approximately .05 to .10.