签字笔笔痕同一认定充分条件的分析

签字笔因其具有书写流利、使用方便的特点，是现今最常见的书写工具之一。文章根据签字笔的结构特点和笔痕特征的形成机理，结合收集的96份实验样本，首次对签字笔笔痕进行同一认定应具备的充分条件进行初步研究，探讨了书写纸张施胶程度、衬垫物软硬程度、书写人运笔力度以及书写速度等书写条件因素的具体影响，同时研究了签字笔启用初期与末期书写笔痕特征可能出现的变化问题，总结出笔痕特征反映性、稳定性和特定性的具体特点，提出书写条件与书写笔的相近书写阶段均是签字笔笔痕同一认定充分条件的重要组成部分的观点，以期对文检工作者利用笔痕特征有一定的借鉴意义。     

个人的书写习惯对签字笔笔痕的影响

笔痕特征是文检笔迹鉴定的新方式,经过多年的应用实践,获得了较突出的成绩.笔迹鉴定新采用的笔痕特征检验,解决了特定书写笔与书写人同一认定的检验技术难题,提高了对少量字及笔画、摹仿等疑难字迹的检验效率.近年来,签字笔的普遍使用,让“书写习惯对签字笔笔痕的影响”这一课题变得必要.本文重点研究个人书写习惯对签字笔笔痕的特定性和稳定性的表现,有助于掌握利用笔痕特征进行同一认定的具体规律.     

滚珠型签字笔笔痕特征的实验研究

目的归纳总结滚珠型签字笔笔痕特征的分类,为笔迹鉴定人正确使用此类笔迹特征提供科学的参考依据。方法本研究采用科学实验的方法,对20人使用不同品牌的三支签字笔书写的笔迹进行了观察与分析。结果同一人使用不同的签字笔、不同人使用同一支签字笔和不同人使用不同的签字笔书写所形成的笔痕现象具有相同的表现。结论签字笔笔痕特征只是众多笔迹特征当中的一种,不能单独依据此类特征出具鉴定结论。     

签字笔书写笔痕特征的实验分析

目的为准确掌握签字笔书写笔痕特征的变化规律，以求将其运用于案件鉴定。方法通过对同一人执不同签字笔、不同人执同一支签字笔及同一人执同一支签字笔书写笔痕分别进行实验分析。结果证实前二种情况下笔痕特征具有相互区别的特定性，后一种情况下笔痕特征具有重复再现的稳定性。     

皮肤咬痕检验鉴定的几点体会(附2例报告)

本文通过皮肤咬痕实际案例检验,对皮肤咬痕特征及同一认定的可靠性进行了探讨,并提出皮肤咬痕检验鉴定应具备的条件和注意事项。     

中性笔笔痕特征稳定性的实验分析

在阐明中性笔特点的基础上,通过对3位书写人用5支中性笔书写的90份实验材料的放大观察与测量,探讨中性笔笔痕特征在书写速度、书写姿势、书写衬垫物软硬、纸张洇散程度以及书写笔新旧程度不同时笔痕特征稳定性的具体表现,并分析影响笔痕特征稳定性的主要因素及变化规律。掌握影响中性笔笔痕特征稳定性具体因素及其变化规律,是有效利用中性笔笔痕特征进行笔迹鉴定的重要前提。     

拉曼光谱成像技术检验朱墨时序中书写笔种类对检验结果的影响研究

目的考察在运用拉曼光谱阵列面扫描检验朱墨时序的方法中书写笔油墨种类对检验结果的影响。方法根据拉曼谱图的不同对搜集的188种书写笔（包括22种黑色圆珠笔,62种蓝色圆珠笔,62种黑色签字笔,42种蓝色签字笔）进行扫描并分类,采用拉曼光谱阵列面扫描技术对书写笔与同一印泥和印油形成的朱墨时序样本进行检验。结果 188种书写笔被分为4大类23小类,4类书写笔与印泥或印油形成的朱墨时序样本都得到了较好的检验结果。结论在本实验条件下,书写笔油墨种类对拉曼光谱阵列面扫描检验朱墨时序的检验结果没有影响。     

高效液相色谱法鉴别蓝色签字笔墨水的种类

目的通过对签字笔字迹成分进行检验，达到对签字笔成分进行分离并对签字笔种类进行鉴定的目的。方法使用高效液相色谱法对蓝色签字笔字迹色痕中的色料成分进行分析，并依据分析结果对墨水的种类划分，同时考察了纸张的背景影响、最小用样量以及实验结果的重现性。结果22种蓝色签字笔样品均可以实现区分。结论本研究对实际应用有较大参考价值。     

人牙咬痕法医学同一认定研究现状与展望

人牙咬痕因具有明显的个体差异性和相对稳定性,在实际案例中可为案件的调查取证提供依据,因此应用咬痕进行个体识别成为法医鉴定的重要组成部分。咬痕鉴定方法由来已久,其分析手段逐步进步,准确性不断提高,特别是3D识别技术初步应用于咬痕统一认定中,势必是分析手段的一个飞跃。本文将对咬痕同一认定的重要性,咬痕分析方法的发展及3D数字化应用于咬痕同一认定的必要性及展望进行综述。     

紫外-可见光谱法研究蓝色圆珠笔色痕自然老化规律

目的论述自然老化下蓝色圆珠笔色痕中染料成分的变化规律。方法利用UV-VIS光谱对圆珠笔文字色痕中染料成分相对于铜酞菁的变化进行实验。结果得到染料与铜酞菁吸光度之比随老化时间变化的数据和曲线。结论利用UV-Vis光谱研究文件制成时间是可行的,为书写时间的鉴定拓展了思路。     

LC—MS／MS法测定蓝色圆珠笔油墨中的碱性染料

目的建立蓝色圆珠笔油墨中碱性染料的LC—MS／MS方法,为蓝色圆珠笔油墨的种类鉴别提供方法。方法用二级质谱寻找并确定结晶紫、甲基紫、维多利亚蓝B、碱性紫14、碱性蓝7和罗丹明B等碱性染料的特征性母离子／子离子对。收集50种蓝色圆珠笔．划线后对其笔道用0．5mm直径打孔器取样,乙腈超声提取。液相分离采用WatersXBridgeC18柱。流动相为0．1％甲酸缓冲液（A）-乙腈（B）,梯度程序洗脱。结果4个点的取样量足以满足检测需要,采用相对峰面积的定量方法．结果重现性好．RSD％≤2．3％。应用该方法对50种蓝色圆珠笔油墨中的碱性染料进行检测,区分率为94．4％。结论所建LC—MS／MS方法定性准确,定量可靠,为蓝色圆珠笔油墨的种类鉴别提供了方法。     

Application of Micro‐Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to Ink Examination in Signatures Written with Ballpoint Pen on Questioned Documents

Questioned documents examined in a forensic laboratory sometimes contain signatures written with ballpoint pen inks; these signatures were examined to assess the feasibility of micro‐attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a forensic tool. Micro‐ATR FTIR spectra for signatures written with 63 ballpoint pens available commercially in Korea were obtained and used to construct an FTIR spectral database. A library‐searching program was utilized to identify the manufacturer, blend, and model of each black ballpoint pen ink based upon their FTIR peak intensities, positions, and patterns in the spectral database. This FTIR technique was also successfully used in determining the sequence of homogeneous line intersections from the crossing lines of two ballpoint pen signatures. We have demonstrated with a set of sample documents that micro‐ATR FTIR is a viable nondestructive analytical method that can be used to identify the origin of the ballpoint pen ink used to mark signatures.     

LAB图像处理模式区分黑色圆珠笔字迹的方法验证

目的考察验证LAB模式区分黑色圆珠笔字迹的方法,以及油墨浓淡对检验结果的影响。方法采用600dpi分辨率扫描样品并将图像保存成tiff格式,运用PhotoshopCS3图像处理软件中Lab模式进行处理。结果Lab模式无损区分黑色圆珠笔字迹的识别率达到61．67％,且油墨浓淡对实验结果影响不明显。结论此方法可用于黑色圆珠笔字迹的区分检验。     

Preliminary Study on Determining the Sequence of Intersecting Lines by Fluorescence Technique

The determination of the sequence of intersecting lines is an important part of questioned document examinations. A fluorescence technique was used to determine the sequence of heterogeneous intersecting lines produced using inkpad ink, stamp‐pad ink, ballpoint pens, gel pens, fountain pens, colorants of carbon paper, photocopiers, laser printers, and inkjet printers. A SteREO Discovery.V20 equipped with the ZEN Blue Lite software was chosen to perform the tests.As the results obtained from the study were positive under most conditions, the fluorescence technique was found to be very successful in determining the sequence of intersecting lines from ballpoint pen, gel pen, fountain pen, photocopier, laser and inkjet printers, and inkpad inks. The method was also successful in determining the sequence of intersecting lines from ballpoint pen, photocopier, laser printer, and stamp‐pad inks under most conditions. The technique was not successful in determining the order of crossing lines blending together.     

基于银胶表面增强拉曼光谱检验蓝色书写字迹初探

目的用基于银胶的表面增强拉曼光谱技术检验蓝色签字笔字迹。方法取4种常见不同牌号的蓝色签字笔在其字迹上滴加微量银胶,用显微共焦拉曼光谱仪进行检验。结果不同品牌的蓝色签字笔字迹的表面增强拉曼光谱不同。结论基于银胶的表面增强拉曼光谱技术可用于纸张上蓝色签字笔字迹的检验。     

A study to investigate the evidential value of blue and black ballpoint pen inks in Australia

The aim of this project was to investigate the evidential value of blue and black ballpoint pen inks in Australia. For this purpose, 49 blue and 42 black ballpoint pen inks, of different brands, models and batches, representative of those ballpoint pens available on the Australian market at the time of the study, were analysed by three techniques: filtered light examination (FLE); reflectance visible microspectrophotometry (MSP); and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The results showed that the power of the individual techniques to discriminate inks between and within brands, models and batches varied, the most informative techniques being TLC>FLE>MSP. The greatest degree of differentiation was achieved when using a combined sequence of techniques, the discriminating power being 0.99 and close to 1 for blue and black inks, respectively (different brands and models). In respect to the discrimination between different batches of a same brand and model, it was shown that 14 out of the 33 pairs compared could be discriminated. Overall, this study confirmed the high value of the examination of inks when applied to ballpoint pens available in Australia, especially when a combined sequence of techniques is applied.