在我国设立沉默权制度的必要性与可行性研究

沉默权是现代法治国家刑事司法制度的一项重要内容,是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人能否真正享有辩护权的基础所在。承认并有效保护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的沉默权是保障人权、保障被追诉人的程序权利,实现诉讼中的力量均衡的重要表现。不论是沉默权的历史,还是我国的刑事司法实践现状,都表明沉默权制度在我国刑事司法中的适用已是势在必行,其终极目的是完善我国司法改革和实现司法公正。     

实行沉默权制度改革讯问工作之设想

<公民权利和政治权利国际公约>第14条规定"受刑事追诉的人不得强迫作不利于自己的证言,或者强迫承认有罪".这就是现代法治国家普遍强调并遵循的"任何人不受强迫自证其罪"之原则,由此延伸出沉默权.随着加入WTO的临近,我国的法律制度、司法活动也不可能超然地游离于国际普遍规则之外,在我国实行沉默权制度势在必行.为此,必须改革我国的刑事讯问工作,如设置沉默权告知程序,加强对讯问工作的监督和控制等.     

刑事沉默权与社会主义初级阶段的中国国情

所谓刑事沉默权 ,是指在刑事诉讼活动中 ,犯罪嫌疑人、刑事被告人所享有的不自证其罪、并可以对司法人员的讯问保持沉默的权利。西方国家刑事沉默权自从英国首先确立到现在 ,已有数百年的历史 ,但一直争论不休 ,存在着截然对立的两大派。尤其值得注意的是 ,在这一制度的发源地和创立国英国 ,目前正在谋求对沉默权进行一系列的限制 ,并且已经付诸实施。目前西方国家的沉默权 ,并不是完全意义上的沉默权。对此 ,中国法学界及其司法实践工作者必须有一个全面、客观、清醒的认识 ,不加区别地盲目“引进”。中国目前不适合建立刑事沉默权制度。     

以人为本的刑事司法理念探讨

在人本利益均衡的社会里,克服刑罚过度,保持理性的刑事司法运行,是和谐社会的关键所在。要通过对人格尊严制度、技术性规范制度、沉默权制度、程序公正制度、保障人权制度、证据制度和无罪推定制度等刑事司法理念的重构,达到"以人为本"的理性刑事司法运行的目的。     

试论我国确立沉默权制度

沉默权制度作为现代刑事证据制度的重要内容,在世界各国刑事诉讼中发挥着重要作用。近年,随着我国对《刑事诉讼法》的修改和对联合国《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》的签署(但我国立法机关至今尚未批准),沉默权问题逐步成为国内司法理论界、实务界和普通民众关注的热点话题,一些地方也对沉默权和“零口供”规则进行了试点。笔者认为,在我国“人权入宪”的背景下讨论《刑事诉讼法》的修改和沉默权的确立显得尤其迫切。     

关于沉默权必要性的探讨

沉默权是现代法治国家刑事司法制度的一项重要内容,它体现了对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人人格尊严和自由意志的尊重。沉默权反映一个国家刑事诉讼制度的文明与进步状况,被认为是“人类通向文明的斗争最重要的里程碑之一。”沉默权有利于抑制刑讯逼供,沉默权的确立有助于我国立法与国际法接轨,我国引入沉默权是十分必要的。     

论我国确立沉默权之必要性

我国刑事诉讼法规定,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人应向侦查机关尽"如实陈述"的义务。这使得他们在诉讼中处于极为不利的境地,更谈不上对其公民权利的保护。同时,在我国刑事司法实践中,刑讯逼供或者变相刑讯逼供的现象仍普遍存在,严重阻碍了我国刑事司法逐步走向民主化、文明化的进程。而在立法上确立沉默权及其保障措施,既可以提高犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的诉讼地位,保障他们的公民权利,又可以促使办案人员改变观念和有效抑制刑讯逼供。     

欲说还休沉默权

17世纪以后,沉默权在西方国家的法律体系中逐渐得到确认。目前在大多数国家的宪法和刑诉法、在一些国际公约里,沉默权作为犯罪嫌疑人的一项基本人权、作为刑事司法国际标准中被告人的最低限度保障之一,得到了普遍的强调和维护。对于我国是否也应确立沉默权,有关人士众说纷纭。赞成的理由似乎不少,但也有司法界人士认为,沉默权在我国的实施还需缓行,因为它的实施必然会加大司法成本,针对我国这样一个司法集权色彩较为浓厚的国家、针对目前还较高的犯罪率,沉默权的设立似乎还不宜操之过急。1999年12月间,国内一些新闻媒体播发的一条消息曾引起人们的关注:武汉市公安局青山分局将“坦白从宽,抗拒从严“从审讯室里撤销,换之以“遵守留置规定、严     

沉默权制度研究

沉默权作为一项刑事司法制度,反映了一国刑事诉讼中犯罪嫌疑人、被告的人权保障状况以及诉讼民主进步的程度.确立这一制度,对推进我国法治建设,提高文明办案水平,更好地与外国进行司法协助,都具有极其重要的意义.在我国确立沉默权制度会遇到很多现实障碍,但我们不能因为遇到阻力便放弃追求文明的制度.     

关于沉默权的一些思考

<正> 沉默权是随着现代民主诉讼和现代人权观念的发展而提出的。它是现代法治国家犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在刑事诉讼中享有的一项基本权利,也是刑事司法正当程序的一项重要保障。(一)所谓沉默权,是指在刑事诉讼中,犯罪嫌疑人和被告人所享有的,可以对警察、检察官和法官的讯问保持沉默而不自证其罪恶的权利。这项制度起源于英国,因17世纪“利尔伯恩案”而被确认为英国法的原则之一。后来,美国又移植     

Managing Money Online

正Internet financial products have enjoyed huge success,but will they change the landscape of China’s financial sector?Wang Kang,27,works for a Beijing branch of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China(ICBC),a major state-owned commercial bank in China and the largest bank     

International Reactions

正China Chinese State Councilor Yang Jiechi severely criticized Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s visit to the Yasukuni Shrine,calling it a brazen affront to people of all countries that suffered from Japanese aggression and colonial rule.     

PEOPLE

正"Reading books gives you access to the knowledge and culture of the people of different countries.The main problem facing China and Turkey in the field of literature is the lack of translated books."Chinese writer and Nobel laureate Mo Yan,calling for more translated literature works at a news briefing in Istanbul on February 22     

NUMBERS

正58 Number of approval items that the State Council canceled or delegated to lowerlevel governments to streamline administration on November 24 $2.3 blnvalue of agreements signed between businesses from Singapore and east China’s Zhejiang Province at the 10th SingaporeZhejiang Economic and Trade Council meeting held in Singapore on November 24 4% Decrease in business revenues in China’s telecom sector in October     

WORLD

正~~     

A White-Hot Battle

正Backing a price war between cab-booking apps serves the larger ambition of China’s Internet companies Han Yonghui is a cabbie in Beijing.After a taxi fare increase in 2013,he makes roughly 5,000 yuan($823)a month,just about enough to feed his family.Recently,Han started using cab-hailing mobile software to pick up customers who order taxis via smartphone.Benefiting from an increasingly fierce competition of rewards between two of the most popular apps for this purpose,he can receive up to 2,250 yuan($370)     

ThePolitical TricksofAbe

正Japan’s leader hopes to salvage his power by way of an early election Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe dissolved the House of Representatives,or the lower house in the country’s bicameral parliament,on November 21.A consequent snap election will be held on December 14,two years ahead of schedule.In recent months,the Japanese economy has continued to slide and entered a technical     

Mid-Term Misfortune

正Barack obama strives for a sound legacy Predictably,the U.S.Republican Party(GOP)took back the Senate after eight years in a landslide victory during the mid-term congressional election in November.While the GOP is still in control of the House of Representatives,it also gained ground in state governor elections in Illinois,Maryland,Iowa and Colorado—the traditional spheres of influence of the Democrats.     

Chinese Machinery Maker Explores overseas Market

正The 15th Russia International Show of Construction Equipment and Technologies(CTT)was held in Moscow from June 3 to 7.Liuzhou OvM Machinery Co.Ltd.attended the exhibition with its prestressed products."At the moment,infrastructure construction such as housing,elec-tric power and railway is continuing to expand in Russia,and given that the country’s import of machinery     

Doing Justice To the Past

正China has declared Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe an unwelcome visitor following his recent visit to the controversial Yasukuni Shrine.When asked whether Chinese leaders would listen to his explanations for the shrine visit in person,a Foreign Ministry spokesman ruled out the possibility by saying that Abe has"shut the door"on dialogue.China is not alone.The U.S.State Department also expressed disappointment at Abe’s visit