大规模人群聚集风险控制态势模型研究

针对城市开放性公共场所人群聚集度高、行人流动性大和风险不确定性大的特点,结合GIS的空间分析功能对此类场所进行常态下的警力部署,在构建固定岗位置模型、巡逻岗区域模型和警力部署防范能力评价模型的基础上提出大规模人群聚集风险控制态势模型。以北京市什刹海风景区为例,将通过相关模型导出的警力部署冰力图与人群聚集风险热力图相比对,得到人群聚集风险控制态势图,用于指导警力再部署决策。     

在英国排队

刚来英国时，我最大的感觉就是英国人的办事效率实在不高，银行、邮局、咨询处、商店的收款台，到处都在排队。     

论我国行政协议的容许性范围

新《行政诉讼法》第12条仅明确规定两种行政协议类型,地方关于行政协议的立法尽管在类型规定上更为多元,但却采用以法律、法规、规章有明确规定的"授权说"作为行政协议的容许性范围,这种保守型的法定容许不仅与法院对于行政协议趋于开放的认定态度不相匹配,而且也不符合国际立法的潮流。有鉴于此,我国适宜在确立开放的容许性范围的同时,明确规定法定除外与性质除外,即通过反向排除的方式确定行政协议的容许性范围。然而,若要梳理不得缔结行政协议的事项,则需要将政府职能的公共性作为确定容许性范围的关键因素,并对公共性的强弱做进一步的区分。公共性本身较为抽象,因此,可以通过经济学理论关于公共物品强弱的划分来进行。由此,除了因法律效果不得缔结行政协议的事项以外,那些具有强公共性的纯公共物品提供领域便只能由政府供给,也就是本质上不得缔结行政协议的事项。     

英提款机出错双倍“吐钱”

英国赫尔市一家超市门前的自动提款机3月19日下午出错，当顾客输入准备提取的现金数额后，它居然“双倍”吐钱。当天下午5时左右，人们开始聚集在这台提款机前。消息瞬间一传十，十传百，排队人数一度多达百余人。     

论证券结算客观性风险之法律控制

证券交易涉及的金额巨大,交易发生的次数频繁,交易关系复杂。为使其能够低成本高效率地进行,人为地设计了处于中央交易对手方的结算公司。由此也在客观上产生了证券结算信用、流动性、操作性和系统性四个方面的风险。本文建议直接进行一级结算,或者保留结算上的两个层次,但是要把结算对象和登记对象统一起来以便于降低信用风险;取消券商融资融券方面的限制有助于控制流动性风险;完备结算风险基金的运做可以降低操作性风险;通过资格审查、结算参与人制度等可以控制系统性风险。     

文件系统鉴定法在一起职务侵占案中的作用

1简要案情2005年4月至5月期间,大庆市让胡路区某商场搞促销活动,购物满100元凭购物抽奖小票可领取103.1注重了解案情本案中通过了解案情,并结合嫌疑人的作案手段,首先确定为内部人作案,而后确定重点在1、3号收款台,最后认定是3号收款员。把文件物证与案件情况联系起来,依据系统     

金融开放，我们准备好了吗？

在探讨中国金融开放的风险问题时,大多数学者和决策者关注的是"战术"层面上的风险,比如外资银行参股控股的风险,金融机构混业经营的监管风险,证券市场波动风险,外汇储备贬值风险,人民币升值风险,金融衍生工具市场风险等等,而在新近出版的《货币战争》中,作者借披露西方金融资本集团在历史上对各个国家发动的数次"金融打击"之机,以振聋发聩的事实提出:中国金融开放的最大风险源自"战略"层面,即金融开放的本质实际上是一场"货币战争",缺乏战争的意识和准备是中国当前最大的风险!     

论区块链对中央对手方结算的挑战及其应对

目前,我国主要实行证券中央对手方结算,尽管其能降低结算风险和成本、提高结算效率,但是其不但自身的法律地位和法律基础不明,而且集聚了结算风险、未能真正实现货银对付,并且易导致资金和证券的流动性与结算风险管理标准降低。区块链能够满足证券结算的功能需求、实现自动结算、保证数据一致性且无法篡改,能够有效解决中央对手方结算中存在的上述问题,具有取代中央对手方结算的巨大潜力。但要实现区块链证券结算,必须在法律上对该技术的应用予以确认,赋予区块链数据以证据资格,将原有的破产隔离机制延伸适用至区块链证券结算,同时必须明确区块链结算平台的法律地位和职能。     

证券结算风险基金管理办法

[文(令)号]证监发〔2006〕65号[公布日期]2006.6.16[类别]民商法·证券[施行日期]2006.7.1[同时废止法规]2000年《证券结算风险基金管理暂行办法》第一条为了防范和化解证券市场风险,保障证券登记结算系统安全运行,妥善管理和使用证券结算风险基金,根据《中华人民共和国证券法》有关规定,制定本办法。第二条本办法所称证券结算风险基金(以下简称“本基金”)是指用于垫付或者弥补因违约交收、技术故障、操作失误、不可抗力造成的证券登记结算机构的损失而设立的专项基金。第三条本基金来源:(一)按证券登记结算机构业务收入、收益的百分之二十…     

把消防安全装进旅行箱

出门在外,安全莫相忘,一定要把“消防安全”装进你的旅行箱。五一小长假将至,正值踏青旅游的好时节,不少人都会利用这个假期出去走走。随着旅游出行人数的暴增,出行安全隐患也在加大。再加上家庭聚会、商场促销等活动频繁,人员聚集,用火、用电量普遍增加,火灾风险也明显加剧,掌握假期消防安全知识尤为重要。     

Do Fringe Banks Create Fringe Neighborhoods? Examining the Spatial Relationship between Fringe Banking and Neighborhood Crime Rates

In the aftermath of one of the worst recessions in US history, high unemployment has placed millions of Americans in precarious financial positions. More than ever, Americans are opting out of traditional financial services, relying instead on “fringe lenders” such as check cashers, payday lenders, and pawnshops to manage their finances. Given their tremendous growth and the concern that consumers who are least able to pay for high-cost, high-risk financial products are most likely to use them, fringe lenders have been the subject of controversy and the focus of much research. Largely unknown, however, are the effects of fringe lenders on the communities where they are located. Given their spatial concentration in low-income neighborhoods with greater concentrations of racial and ethnic minorities—areas with typically more crime—of concern is whether fringe lenders themselves are criminogenic. We consider this by examining the impact of several types of fringe lenders on neighborhood crime rates in Los Angeles. Our findings reveal that the presence of fringe banks on a block is related to higher crime levels, even after controlling for a range of factors known to be associated with crime rates. The presence of a fringe bank also impacts crime, particularly robbery, on adjacent blocks. Whereas we find that pawnshops have little impact on crime levels, payday lenders and check cashers have a much stronger impact. Finally, we discover there are moderating effects, as the fringe lender–crime relationship is considerably reduced if the lender is located in a higher population density area.     

论我国刑法中的聚众犯罪

聚众犯罪是指我国《刑法》明文规定以聚集特定或不特定多人进行违法犯罪活动为构成要件的犯罪。我国《刑法》共用11个条文规定了14个聚众犯罪,其中大多数聚众危害社会是构成犯罪的必要条件,少数是该罪的选择行为要件。聚众犯罪的主要特征有法定性、聚众进行、实施的是复数行为等。从犯罪形态上看,聚众为着手,实施具体违法犯罪活动为既遂。它与煽动犯罪、教唆犯、组织犯、首要分子既有联系又有区别,与组织犯部分交叉重合。聚众犯罪的一罪数罪标准在于行为个数、数行为之间是否牵连、牵连时定一罪是否能体现罪刑相适应。     

非经济领域的聚众犯罪研究

聚众犯罪主体人数众多,社会危害性大,影响范围广,其对经济、社会秩序带来的干扰远胜于其他类型的犯罪.近年来,随着城市化步伐的加快和人口结构的变化,聚众犯罪呈逐年上升趋势.以某地区近五年来发生的非经济领域的聚众犯罪案件为样本.在此基础上对该类犯罪产生的原因、犯罪的多发方式、多发领域等进行研究以期寻找预防与处理该类犯罪的方法和途经.     

大型活动密集人群的风险分析与管理

近年来,随着大型活动日益增多,大型活动中密集人群现象逐渐引起社会关注。作为活动的主体,大型活动人员具有不可预测性、分布不均匀等特性。密集人群的存在,易引发及扩大事故的后果,是大型活动安全的重要影响因素。本文描述了密集人群对大型活动的影响,分析了人群密度、人群状态、人群构成这3个相关因素。在此基础上提出了大型活动密集人群管理的主要程序和办法。     

Community or Communities of Courts in European Integration? Sex Equality Dialogues Between UK Courts and the ECJ

“All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them . . . When they heard this sound, a crowd came together in bewilderment, because each one heard them speaking in his own language. Utterly amazed, they asked: ‘Are not all of these men who are speaking Galileans? Then how is it that each of us hears them in his own native language?’ Amazed and perplexed, they asked each other, ‘What does this mean?’” (Acts 2: 4–12)     

Crowd Situations and their Policing from the Perspective of Finnish Police Officers—a Case Study of Finnish Police Knowledge

This study explores crowd situations from the perspective of the Finnish police. The qualitative data consist of focused face-to-face interviews with police officers (n = 15). The results of these interviews indicate that special crowd control units have shifted from being an innovation to being an ordinary part of public order policing, despite the infrequent use of these units. Furthermore, police knowledge concurrently involved diversity and polarity. Crowd situations vary from political protests to sporting events and street festivals, and the police play multiple roles and apply diverse measures and tactics depending on the situation. Polarity is linked to the way the police perceive different crowds and crowd events as ‘easy’ and ‘ordinary’ or ‘difficult’ and ‘deviant’. Finally, tension emerges between national and global aspects within police knowledge. This tension is linked to how police perceive crowd events and public order policing in terms of the past, the present, and the future.     

Systematic analysis of stutter percentages and allele peak height and peak area ratios at heterozygous STR loci for forensic casework and database samples

To assist the interpretation of STR DNA typing results from forensic casework samples containing mixtures, the range of heterozygous allele peak height and peak area ratios (HR) and stutter percentages (stutter %) for the loci comprised in the AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus (PP) kit were assessed on 468 database and 275 casework single source samples. Stutter % medians were similar for database and casework samples, ranging from 2% to 7%. The upper limit of the stutter value range was 16%, calculated as median +3 SD, although lower locus-specific values could be used. HR medians were 93 +/- 6.5% for database samples, 88 +/- 12% for casework samples. For casework samples, the maximum signal imbalance noted was 52%, calculated as median -3 SD. No significant difference was observed between peak height and peak area calculated values. This study shows the importance of selecting the proper reference database for the establishment of HR threshold values.     

证券式众筹：监管趋势与法律进路

证券式众筹虽为一种新型的互联网融资方式,但仍具有集资性和公众性的双重特点,这表明证券式众筹可能面临擅自发行和欺诈发行证券的风险,故有必要对其进行监管。较之于传统公开发行,域外立法已创新证券式众筹监管理念,并作出相应的制度设计,其监管重点已单纯从发行人信息披露、投资者适当向兼顾投融资限额、投资权利维护转变以及强化中介机构在证券式众筹监管中的作用,此举或许可为我国证券式众筹合法化及其监管制度的确立提供有效借鉴。须创新证券式众筹的监管理念,并分别从发行人、中介机构资格与义务设定以及投资者权利的直接维护来确立证券式众筹监管的法律进路。     

云南不明原因猝死研究进展

云南不明原因猝死(Yunnan unexplained sudden death,YUSD)具有明显的空间和时间聚集性,而且发病突然,死亡迅速,至今仍然病因未明。但YUSD的发生与病区特定海拔范围内的地质和气候条件有关,同时YUSD病区群众存在易感基因位点或多个SNP位点突变、长期劳累、膳食营养水平低、微量元素缺乏、居住环境卫生差、生活卫生习惯不良、病原微生物及病毒感染等多方面因素的影响。病区人群在上述影响因素的持续作用下,最终形成以心肌损伤为突出表现的不明原因猝死。强化卫生管理,改善居住环境,提高村民体质,改变不良生活习惯,加强YUSD重点病区人群的心肌酶和心电图指标检测是预防YUSD的有效措施。及时开展死亡原因鉴定和深入遗传学研究是探索YUSD发病原因、提高诊疗效果及降低死亡率的重要途径。