或引渡或起诉原则分析

随着高科技的发展，犯罪作为人类社会毒瘤对社会的危害越来越大，特别是国际犯罪直接侵害了人类社会的共同利益，为了适应打击国际犯罪的需要，或引渡或起诉原则得以发展，并在打击国际犯罪的司法合作中切实起到了巨大的作用。然而，社会是不断向前发展的，犯罪也随社会发展呈现出新的特点，因此分析或引渡或起诉原则以及未来的发展趋势就变的极为必要。本文试从或引渡或起诉原则的历史渊源以及理论基础入手，来发表对该原则的看法。     

论国际犯罪的管辖机制

国际犯罪的管辖问题是国际刑法中最基本和首要的问题。现行的普遍管辖,或引渡或起诉,并行管辖及国际刑事法庭管辖所形成的机制,虽然在同国际犯罪做斗争的实践中发挥了巨大作用,但仍然存在着一些不足之处有待完善。1．普遍管辖和并行管辖导致国际刑事管辖权的冲突。根据普遍管辖原则,对于同一国际犯罪,各国都具有管辖权,而按照并行管辖原则,国家对国际犯罪的管辖权又没有先后顺序之分;这样如何解决管辖权的冲突就缺乏适用的法律规则。已没有设定缔约国的引渡义务。根据国际法的一般原则,引渡是国家主权范围内自由决定的事情,故多…     

论国际刑法的间接执行模式

当代国际刑法是以间接执行模式为特征的。该模式的含义指国际刑法只将危害国际社会或违背国际义务,应当受到禁止的行为规定为国际犯罪,而由缔约国依条约义务将该种犯罪变为国内法的内容,依国内法规定的刑罚来处罚。与这种执行模式相对应的是直接控制模式,它指由统一的国际刑事法院直接运用国际刑法来惩罚国际犯罪。在当代国际刑法中,这种间接执行模式的实现途径及标志即为现存的大量多边或双边条约中规定的“或起诉或引渡”原则。“或起诉或引渡”原则最先源于格劳秀斯的《战争     

诱捕引渡的国际法分析——由美国诱捕引渡中国公民谈起

美国诱捕引渡中国公民的行为具有实质上的国际不法性。首先,诱捕引渡违反了国际法上的正当性原则,严重损害了中国主权和国家尊严等国际身份权益,也侵犯了被诱捕的中国公民的人权。其次,诱捕引渡背离了国际法的体系化要求,影响了国际社会的和谐发展。最后,为诱捕引渡提供协助的行为也构成了国际不法行为。为了解决国际引渡合作的各种困境,各国应充分协商与合作,重构或引渡或起诉原则,实现国际引渡合作上的良性发展。     

论国际航空法中的或引渡或起诉原则

危害民用航空安全的犯罪往往要涉及两个以上的国家,因此仅仅依靠单个国家的国内法来有效地惩治罪犯从而达到惩罚罪犯和威慑性的目的是远远不够的。甚至有些罪犯逃往他国,以政治犯不引渡这一理由来逃避惩罚。在1970年和1971年海牙/蒙特利尔公约将或引渡或起诉原则引入了国际航空法当中。这一在国际刑法领域历史悠久而又运用广泛的重要原则在国际航空法领域是如何构架的,其在国际航空法领域发挥着什么样的作用,有着哪些意义,都是以下要探讨的问题。     

论双重犯罪原则之实质类似说

双重犯罪原则是引渡制度的重要内容 ,对于引渡请求所指向的行为只要依请求国与被请求国两国法律达到实质类似 ,就以为符合双重犯罪原则。从国际刑法学的角度 ,论述了在对国际犯罪进行引渡的过程中 ,双重犯罪原则之实质类似说的具体适用需要把握的若干问题 ,认为实质类似说与罪刑法定主义并无冲突 ,也不会造成对政治犯不引渡原则的背反 ,它与普遍管理原则所引申出的或引渡或起诉原则能够达成协调。另外 ,认为实质类似说体现在定罪和刑罚两方面 ,各国对可引渡之罪的标准从列举式到淘汰式的演变也表明了国际刑事立法对该说的确定     

通过国际刑事司法合作追索境外流失文物——《关于打击文化财产非法贩运的犯罪预防与刑事司法对策国际准则》评析

《关于打击文化财产非法贩运的犯罪预防与刑事司法对策国际准则》的通过具有重要意义:对于文物清单作出宽泛解释,增设国际文物追索领域中的举证责任倒置原则,将文物犯罪确立为可引渡犯罪,强调在引渡文物犯罪人的同时进行文物的追缴与返还,明确各国应为文物犯罪提供最广泛的国际刑事司法协助,确立针对文物犯罪的"或引渡或起诉"原则。我们应当借鉴该准则的规定,完善国内立法与实践,推动我国流失文物追索工作的全面展开。     

国际刑事管辖问题研究

国际刑事管辖是指在更有效打击国际犯罪、协调管辖冲突,促进国际刑事合作,通过确立世界各国对国际犯罪的管辖权而在世界范围形成的一套统一完整的管辖体系。其内容一是确立管辖原则,二是确定管辖顺序。国际刑事管辖权不等同于国际刑事法院或国际特设法庭的管辖权。     

海峡两岸互涉犯罪管辖协调问题探讨

海峡两岸互涉犯罪管辖冲突的根源在于两岸刑事管辖权立法机理的共同性。协调海峡两岸互涉犯罪管辖权冲突问题应当在坚持“一个中国”、尊重“两个法域”、避免内耗以构建合力、保障人权和便利诉讼的价值原则指引下，以犯罪行为地管辖为原则，以最初受理和优先控制管辖为补充，辅之以协商管辖的机动。     

现代引渡制度及其发展趋势

一、现代引渡制度的诉讼分析引渡是一项国际刑事司法制度,自从格劳秀斯在《战争与和平法》一书里提出“或起诉或引渡”原则之后,以引渡为核心的国际司法合作不断得到巩固和加强。当代高科技的迅速发展,通讯方式的信息化和交通手段的现代化,国家间的频繁交往与人类经济文化生活的国际化趋向,带来了国际性犯罪的日益增加,同时,也促使国际社会为制裁犯罪而强化引渡合作的发展趋势。为使我国在处理涉外刑事案件时能妥善运用引渡手段同犯罪作斗争,把国际间的司法合作纳入法制化轨道,有必要从诉讼法学的角度对现代引渡制度进行深层次的探讨。     

Best practices for structuring a family court parenting plan evaluation under the 2022 AFCC Guidelines

Evaluation appointment orders provide enforceable scaffolding for conduct of family court parenting plan evaluations, and use of the evaluator's reports, feedback, file, and testimony. Unlike a contract, a stipulated or adjudicated appointment order is directly enforceable by the family court. It unambiguously positions the evaluator as the family court's appointee – answerable directly to the court and, in some jurisdictions, protected by quasi-judicial immunity from damages claims. A well-crafted appointment order governs the roles and expectations of the court, the evaluator, the parties, the lawyers, and the collateral witnesses. An appointment order mandates the legal duties, rights, powers, and responsibilities of the professionals, the parties, and the collateral witnesses. At minimum, an appointment order articulates the legal basis for the appointment, the purpose and scope of the evaluation, compensation of evaluator, and the duty of the parties to participate in the process. A written evaluation protocol or procedures statement discloses in advance the methods of investigation and assessment that the evaluator intends to use. Together, the appointment order and written protocol help the evaluator, lawyers, parents, and judge manage the complexity of the evaluation process.     

From Criminal Law to Legal Theory: The Mysterious Case of the Reasonable Glue Sniffer

The modern idea of criminal justice is organised around a series of antinomies which include the formal and the substantive, the universal and the particular, the individual and the social. This paper examines the place of these antinomies in four different but connected settings: the plight of the humane judge, the classical enlightenment theory of retributive punishment, the judgment of provoked killing, and the critique of orthodox subjectivism in the Anglo–American law. The play of the universal and the particular and the formal and substantive within law reflects and embodies the underlying antinomy of the individual and the social – even where it does not mention it.
The qualitative moment is preserved in all quantification, as the substrate of that which is to be quantified.     

Reformation,Regulation and the Image: Sumptuary Legislation and the Subject of Law

This article considers the development of the individual subject of law and his constitutional status in the early modern English State, within the context of sumptuary legislation enacted by the Crown and the Inns of Court. During the sixteenth century, the legal community took upon itself the role of exemplifying the correct use of symbols and of elucidating the purpose of sumptuary law. The image of the lawyer was manipulated to represent the inherent divinity of common law. The reformation of the image was inevitably influenced by the doctrinal concepts of the European Reformation and is a graphic indication of the centrality of Anglicanism to the development of early modern common law. I discuss these developments with reference to theories of the image proposed by Goodrich, Legendre and Marin. I refer also to Carlyle's satirical treatise on the symbolism of clothes,Sartor Resartus. The constitution of clothes represents the idea of citizenship and the centrality of reason to the body-politic. The rediscovery of classical texts during the Renaissance was instrumental in shaping a constitution in which an embryonic social contract was apparent, as represented in the sumptuary legislation of the Inns of Court. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

论未成年子女财产法律制度

未成年子女财产是指未成年人因继承、赠与或劳动等方式取得的归未成年人自己所有的财产。因未成年人尚无管理财产的能力， 通常由其父母行使对该项财产的管理权并排除他人侵害； 享有财产上的用益权、负担子女的必要费用但收益剩余应归子女所有； 且非为子女利益不得处分。     

从商人到企业：商人制度变革的依据与取向

因商人制度存在严重缺陷，传统商法体系也相应地存在严重缺陷。这就需要对商人制度及商法体系进行改造。为此，就必须通过对商人制度变革历史轨迹的考察，揭示商入制度变革的内在依据，探求其变革取向，并为我国形式商法关于商主体制度的立法选择提供理论基础。总的来说，商入制度是沿着以自然人为中心的商人向以企业为中心的商人发展的。在此过程中，商人的性质与结构都发生了实质性变化。基于公司商人化、企业人格化以及商人企业化这一历史变迁线索的探索，应将现代商法中的商主体直接定位于企业，并将企业本身界定为商主体。就我国形式商法而言，则应直接以企业作为商主体的替代性概念，并基于企业的特性构建商法的特殊规制模式。     

后现代社会建构论对心理学研究目标的质疑

现代心理学的研究目标概括为描述事实、揭示规律、预测趋势和控制行为四个层面，此四级目标可视为心理学对外的学科承诺。以后现代社会建构论的视域审视，心理学能否兑现这些承诺是值得质疑的。首先，心理学所谓的“描述事实”其实质乃是对心理学家所经验的事实的描述，而不是对心理和行为作为“客观存在的事实”的描述。其次，揭示心理规律不仅存在技术困难，所谓“心理规律”也只是现代文化场域内的一种“约定”，而非“客观规律”。第三，由于人作为心理学的研究对象具有作为自然科学研究对象的物所没有的意识能动性，利用心理规律预测心理事件的发生遭遇特殊困难。最后，谋求对人的行为的控制，不仅背离了心理学造福人类的初衷，而且有违自由平等的现代社会价值观。     

The Tiruttoṇṭar Tiruvantāti of Nampi Āṇṭār Nampi

This paper presents an English translation from the original Tamil of the canonical Saivite hagiographical work, the Tiruttoṇṭar Tiruvantāti of Nampi Āṇṭār Nampi. The date of this work is disputed, but it was probably composed at some point between 870 and 1118 CE. This classical Tamil poem gives in summary form the lives of the sixty three Saivite saints of the sixth to ninth centuries known as the Nāyaṉmār, or Tiruttoṇṭar (“holy servants”, sc. of the Lord Siva). The paper also includes an Introduction, setting out the context of the poem and its place in the Saivite literary tradition from which the Saiva Siddhanta philosophy subsequently developed, and Notes which explain the mythological and other references which the poem contains.     

常识与理性(十):司法技术与司法政治之法理及其兼容

司法之政治性与其技术性一样,都是司法本身所固有的基本秉性。其中,技术性体现着司法的职业理性,它构成了司法过程的客观方面;政治性折射出司法的价值关怀,它构成了司法过程的主观方面。任何司法过程都包含主客观两个方面,因而也是政治性与技术性的有机统一。基于此,中国司法改革既要避免"泛政治化"倾向,又要反对"去政治化"主张。     

The Creation and Transformation of Regional Parliamentary Assemblies: Lessons from the Pan-African Parliament

This article analyses the genesis and recent evolution of the Pan-African Parliament (PAP), one of the key institutions of African integration. Based on theories relating to the European Parliament, it argues that the dynamics surrounding the establishment of the PAP result from a blend of internal and external factors. On the one hand, the decision to create a PAP can be traced back to the problems of the Organisation of African Unity and to the will of African leaders to revive Pan-Africanism. On the other hand, the establishment and design of the PAP are partially inspired by international precedents such as the European Parliament. Over and above this observation, which is informed by the theory of mimetic institutionalism, the existence of regular interactions between Europe and Africa and, more generally, the outward activities of the PAP, would seem propitious to the self-assertion of this institution. Ultimately, the objective of the article is to lay the ground for a more ambitious theory of regional parliamentary assemblies.     

Anticipation,Critique and the Problem of Intervention: Understanding the Messianic: Derrida through Ernst Bloch

This paper looks at the concept of themessianic as a means of understanding theMarxist tradition, particularly therelationship between the ethical and thepolitical. It examines the positions of JacquesDerrida and Ernst Bloch, whereby both utilisethe messianic as a means of upholding anethical space which is not reducible to being,while at the same time emphasising the need anddemand of the messianic to be brought intobeing. This contradiction operates as the basiccharacteristic of the messianic and it isasserted that Bloch, rather than Derrida,offers a stronger version of the messianic andthe relationship it constructs between ethicsand politics, by attaching a notion of thegood, that of human dignity which operates toguide the ethical command. While Bloch'sdignity may lead to the position of sacrificewhen engaging within the political, theco-ordination of the ethical by dignity doesnot itself sacrifice ethics as a totality.