定量分析法在贪污罪量刑基准体系构建中的应用研究

根据刑法规定 ,通过贪污罪的犯罪结果与处刑数量之间的线性关系 ,把定量分析方法应用于贪污罪的处刑实践 ,并依此建立贪污罪的量刑基准体系 ,以准确确定被告人应当承担刑事责任的数量 ,以减少司法实践中法官个体之间对贪污罪处刑的差异     

贪污罪量刑基准体系的构建及回归分析

根据刑法规定,通过贪污罪的犯罪结果与处刑数量之间的线性关系,把定量分析方法应用于贪污罪的处刑实践,并依此建立了贪污罪的量刑基准体系,以准确确定被告人应当承担刑事责任的数量,以减少司法实践中法官个体之间对贪污罪行为处刑的差异。     

数量型犯罪的量刑基准计量研究——兼论盗窃罪的相对量刑法

本文根据我国刑法规定，通过数量型犯罪结果的量与处刑数量 之间的线性关系，把经济计量分析方法应用到处刑量化的实践中， 提出了对处刑进行定量分析、计算的模型，以准确计算被告人应当 承担刑事责任的数量，使司法实践中法官个体之间的自由裁量之误 差大大减少。     

“不得减刑、假释”终身监禁适用的溯及力证成

比较新旧刑法规定孰"处刑更轻"时,是比较处刑更轻的"可能性",并非分别依据新旧刑法规定作出具体量刑之后再比较该具体量刑的轻重。量刑存在的时间节点是在有审判权的法官在法律框架内依据自己良知作出有效量刑之后,在此之前,任何的量刑预设对法律选择都是没有意义的。修正后《刑法》关于贪污罪、受贿罪的规定在最高层次法定刑幅度的最低刑为无期徒刑,在最高刑相同的情况下相较于旧法具有处刑更轻的可能性,至于是否适用"终身监禁"条款不是法律选择问题,而是法律选择之后的具体量刑问题。     

一个行为不能同时适用新旧刑法

对新刑法实施前的犯罪行为，依照新刑法第十二条第一款，在确定适用法律时可能出现两种特殊情况：①依照“从旧原则”适用旧刑法时，如果其具有的法定情节新刑法的规定更轻，如入户抢劫或在交通工具上抢劫后投案自首，依抢劫罪行应适用旧刑法，但新刑法对自首的从轻度更宽；②由于新刑法处刑较轻，根据“从轻原则”适用新刑法，同时具有的法定情节依照新刑法的规定却较旧刑法为重，如刑满释放后四年内犯贪污罪，新刑法对贪污罪的处刑较旧刑法要轻，但依照新刑法应以累犯论，而按旧刑法不构成累犯。由于对刑法第十二条第一款确立的“从旧兼从…     

论从旧兼从轻原则的适用——以晚近司法解释为中心

1 997年 1 0月 1日之后仍存在适用类推定罪量刑的情形 ;从轻不是指每一具体法条的两两比较 ,而是在两部法律之间寻找一个整体上处刑较轻的法律 ;适用假释、减刑等的前提条件从旧并不符合从旧兼从轻的原则 ;在依审判监督程序重新审判的案件中 ,应当考虑到从旧兼从轻原则 ,以决定处刑较轻或不认为是犯罪的问题     

处刑命令程序的价值及其在我国的实现

起源于德国的处刑命令程序作为一种简易程序,具有重要的诉讼价值。本文在介绍了处刑命令程序的立法现状及其一般运作模式的基础上,分析了该程序的程序正义价值和诉讼效率价值,并对我国的立法提出建议:我国应当引入处刑命令程序,以实现简易程序的多样化。     

对“携带挪用的公款潜逃的,以贪污罪论处”的思考

本文探讨了"携带挪用公款以贪污罪论处",认为对于携带挪用的公款潜逃的以贪污罪定罪处罚,在司法实践中应当重在研究行为的本身。     

贪污罪论要——兼论《刑法》第394条之适用

新《刑法》第３９４条规定，国家工作人员在国内公务活动或者对外交往中接受礼物，依照国家规定应当交公而不交公，数额较大的，依照贪污罪论处。质疑之一，贪污罪能否以不作为方式构成？质疑二，如果礼物被存放在犯罪嫌疑人的办公室，能否构成贪污罪？本文从解释论角度对贪污罪的行为结构即主观要件和客观要件进行了深层理论探析，从而回答了这些问题     

国有资产流失犯罪司法认定问题研究

对于国企改制中隐瞒国有资产的行为,根据参与人占原企业人员的多少,应分别认定为共同贪污和私分国有资产罪。国企改制中贪污罪既遂应当以行为人实际控制财物作为标准,认定实际控制应当从一般人的标准来看行为人是否可以对财物进行支配,成为现实的、必然的财产利益。区分国有公司、企业、事业单位工作人员将公共财物通过亲友及其单位而非法占有的贪污罪与为亲友非法牟利罪应考查行为人的亲友有无实质性的经营活动和非法利润的数量是否严重违背市场等价交换规则。对于违规分配"奖金"、"红利"的单位行为,应区分情况作出处理。应用"他人"一词代替为亲友非法牟利罪中的"亲友"。     

Hard responses to corruption: Penal standards and the repression of corruption in Britain, France and Portugal

Despite its difficulties and inconsistencies in framing those practices andconducts recently unveiled by the press and judicial investigations whichhave caused considerable public discontent, the penal definition ofcorruption still highlights an interesting conceptual diversity across spaceand time that should not be overlooked. Most official discussions about andreferences to corruption and its volume are still framed within these hardparameters. It is, therefore, important to look at the intricacies ofcorruption as a crime in order to understand the virtues and failures ofnational repressive efforts. While crime statistics are of limited use for itsmeasurement, they can nevertheless help to interpret the way corruptionhas been treated through repressive instruments cross-nationally over aperiod of time.The aim of this paper is to assess the dynamics of the various processes ofsetting and revising penal standards to the conduct of office holders and theresults observable from the application of corruption and related offencesacross countries with different legal traditions.     

贪污罪的数额解析

贪污罪的数额对贪污罪的定罪与量刑具有重要意义。对贪污罪数额理解存在诸多争议,对贪污罪的司法实践具有较大影响。本文围绕贪污罪数额的界定、贪污罪数额的内涵、实践中贪污罪数额的认定标准展开探讨,作者提出了自己的观点。     

刍议刑事判例制度

刑事判例是指最高审判机关或者上级审判机关对同级或者下级审判机关在对刑事案件适用刑法过程中所形成的有效判决进行识别、整理、汇编而形成的对同级或者下级审判机关在办理同类案件时具有事实上、业务上、制度上普遍约束力的指导、借鉴、援用和解释法律作用的范例。刑事判例的产生、运用过程中所形成的系统就是刑事判例制度,包括判例的识别、适用判例的原则、规则和方法、判例集的汇编、公布以及援用等。该制度对刑法和司法解释的不足起弥补作用并且是实现罪刑法定原则的重要途径。它依托制定法,除没有法源外具有判例法的其他特点。     

中国贿赂犯罪立法之缺陷与完善——以适用《联合国反腐败公约》为视角

<联合国反腐败公约>倡导预防为先、打击为主、强调国际合作、重视资产追回的反腐法律理念与制度机制,为各国加强国内的反腐败行动、提高反腐败成效、促进国际反腐败合作提供了国际法律基础和强力支持.参照<公约>有关贿赂犯罪的立法规定,对我国刑事实体法关于贿赂犯罪的立法进行考察,认为我国<刑法>对贿赂犯罪的规定与<公约>的相关规定虽然有着许多相互对应的地方,但二者"形似神离",在贿赂犯罪的主体、贿赂的范围、贿赂犯罪的构成要件、贿赂犯罪处罚的对称性及刑罚配置等方面各不相同.最后提出了完善我国贿赂犯罪立法的七点建议.     

The Rise of a More Punitive State: On the Attenuation of Norwegian Penal Exceptionalism in an Era of Welfare State Transformation

While sociologists of punishment have been interested in the notion of Nordic penal exceptionalism, rapid changes are taking place in the penal policies of one of the members of the Nordic zone. Norway’s penal state is growing increasingly punitive, and penal exceptionalism appears to be on the wane, evidenced by a growing incarceration rate, increasingly punitive sentiments in the population, moral panics over street crime, raised sentencing levels, the forcible detention and extradition of asylum seekers, punitive drug policies, and the creation of segregated correctional facilities for stigmatized foreign offenders. Penal transformation should be understood as the outcome of symbolic contestation between politicians eager to present themselves as “tough on crime,” increasing differentiation of the social structure that has led to the declining fortunes of rehabilitationism, and a nascent neoliberalization of the welfare state. As a consequence, Europe’s penal landscape may be growing more homogeneous.     

贪污贿赂犯罪的数额问题研究

刑法规定的数额标准与司法实践不相适应的问题、影响刑罚轻重的数额等级划分不合理的问题及犯罪的数额起点问题是困扰我国刑事立法与司法实践的重大问题之一,我国贪污贿赂犯罪的数额起点应当进一步降低乃至取消而不是提高。贪污贿赂犯罪刑罚的数额等级应当进一步细分,情节规定应当具体化。贪污贿赂犯罪的数额法定是十分必要的,不能因为与司法实践脱节而否认其合理性。完善我国现行刑法贪污贿赂犯罪应当沿着数字化、具体化方向发展,凡是可以量化的一定要量化,基于我国的国情需要最大限度地减少模糊性、不确定性。     

我国证券犯罪立法的本土化与国际化思辨

我国证券犯罪立法采用了"以刑法典为主、附属刑法为辅"的模式,这一立法模式的选择主要是出于对本土化因素的考虑,它符合我国的刑事立法传统,有利于证券市场的稳定发展.但是,承认我国证券犯罪立法的本土化特征,并不意味着对证券犯罪立法国际化趋势的否认.相反,在我国证券犯罪存在范围的划定上,我们应更多地考虑国际化因素,以实现与国际接轨和交流.总之,我国证券犯罪立法应实现本土化与国际化的协调统一.     

Crime in Central and Eastern European Countries in the Enlarged Europe

An enlarged European Union not only means more territory and a greater population, but also more crimes and perpetrators of crimes. The European integration brings a new challenge to criminology. Comparison of crime statistics across countries is still one of the most difficult methodological problems in criminological analyses. Countries differ in respect of their penal systems and penal policies. Reporting and statistical systems are also different. How, then, can one compare crime between European countries? Can one say where it is safer or where the police work better? Can one determine what the manner of data collection should be so that it reflects reality accurately? This article concentrates on a representation of some trends of crime in Central and Eastern European countries. A main source of information about crime are official crime statistics collected according to the methodological rules worked out by the European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics. In the case of homicide, police data are confronted with vital statistics gathered by the World Heath Organization (WHO). The statistics on assault and robbery were compared, as much as possible, with the victimization data from the International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS). The socio-economic context of the crime, the main circumstances of the crime statistics, which affected the interpretation of the crime trends for Central and Eastern European Countries, is presented.     

Democratic transitions and forms of corruption

Any transition to democracy has implications for corruption. This papertakes a contextual and procesual approach to the analysis ofdemocratisation and corruption. It disaggregates some variables wherebydemocratisation can provide the context for the development of corruptionand crime. This paper does not argue democratisation causescorruption and crime. Nor does it argue democratisation does not providethe social space for the reduction of corruption and crime. This paperconcentrates on the areas in which democratisation provides an oftencomplex environment for the development of corruption and crime.