US Central Asia Diplomacy in the Post-Afghanistan War Era

The United States is supposed to complete its withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan before the end of 2014（mainly the combat forces, not necessarily all its forces）. With the time drawing near, a range of issues regarding the ties between the US and Central Asia loom. Just as the Afghanistan War has greatly changed American policy towards Central Asia, its ending will equally alter America＇s Central Asia policy.     

Conclusion

ASEAN has become one of the centers in India‘s foreign policies, strategic concerns and economic interest, and also an outpost for India to go east to the Asia Pacific Area.19 The first phase of India‘s “Look East“ policy is to fully restore its engagement with ASEAN and concentrate on forging trade and investment ties with the ASEAN countries, this task has already been fulfilled.……     

Recognizing the Global Economic Order’s Restraint on China’s Peaceful Development

China’s economy has soared to be world’s second largest, while its peaceful rise has been increasingly constrained by the global economic order. Regionally, directed by the U.S.’s rebalancing policy in Asia, the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) is changing the direction of economic cooperation in Asia.     

Abstracts

1.The Korean Nuclear Issue Tests Obama＇s Asia Diplomacy,.by Shi Yongming, Senior Researcher, China Institute of International Studies and Guest Researcher of CPDS. Obama＇s Asia policy has just shown an outline of its ＂smart diplomacy＂, i.e., on the premise of sticking to the basic strategy, it attaches great importance to strengthening relationship with the newly-emerging powers and seeks to extend the U.S. influence on Asia by means of dialogue and cooperation. However, the Korean nuclear issue, which is very likely to reach a complicated and even dangerous impasse, is now testing Asia policy of the U.S. new administration. The issue is not only a strategic bottleneck that is a reflection of U.S.-DPRK relationship, but also is constrained by Japan and ROK, whose interests are closely related to the changes of the situation, as well as by some political elements in the U.S.     

Japan＇s Diplomacy in Central Asia

Japan＇s diplomacy in Central Asia started in the wake of the disintegration of the Soviet Union. After years of efforts, Japan＇s strategy on Asia was formed and its diplomacy in Central Asia entered a stage of steady growth. Though having scored some achievements, Japan still has some marked limitations as far as its Central Asia diplomacy is concerned. In the foreseeable future, Japan will still find it hard to become a main player on the stage of Central Asia diplomacy.     

TREND OF INDIA＇S DIPLOMATIC STRATEGY

In recent years, India has actively pursued an all-directional diplomatic strategy, attaching much importance to developing its relations with major powers. In particular, due to the great efforts made by the United States to draw India over to its side, relations between India and the United States have witnessed a fast development, which has attracted worldwide attention. It seems that this trend of laying special emphasis by India on its relations with the United States will continue for a considerably long period. However, it is unlikely that India will make a fundamental change to its independent and non-aligned foreign policy. It is expected that India will continue to consolidate and develop its traditional friendly relations with Russia, steadily improve its relations with China and strengthen its relations with the European Union. In Asia, India will continue to actively promote its external relations and enhance its influence in the region through bilateral as well as multilateral channels.     

China-Central Asia ＂Twin-Track＂ Energy Cooperation

China＇s large-scale investment in Kazakh oil and gas resource development ushered in a new era of China-Kazakhstan bilateral trade in the late 1990s. This lifted cooperation between China and the five countries in Central Asia to a new level, opening the China-Central Asia energy channel and bringing the ＂Silk Road economic belt＂ into being. Central Asia and China＇s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, areas which are both abundant in renewable energy, should fully utilize their geopolitical advantages as neighbors by means of Xinjiang＇s rapid growth. Projecting a twin-track mechanism of developing both renewable and non-renewable energy resources is of great significance to both China and Central Asia.     

Exception in Cold War

In the Cold War, India mainly focused its Southeast Asia Strategy on preserving the regional peace and stability, fearing that changes in Southeast Asia would impact India. Generally speaking, India would like to see a relatively strong, stable and independent Southeast Asia, which would guarantee the stability of its east wing. However, fettered by its limited power, its non-alignment policy and its special relation with Soviet Union, India‘s policy toward Southeast Asia remained relatively passive and its relation with Southeast Asia was, to some extent, trapped in a historical “intermission.“……     

A Comparative Analysis of Abe＇s and Fukuda＇s Asia Diplomacy

As Abe was replaced by Fukuda, Japan＇s domestic and foreign policies were also amended. Abe＇s ＂proactive diplomacy＂ has been replaced by Fukuda＇s ＂synergy diplomacy＂ which emphasizes strengthening the Japan-U.S. alliance and Japan＇s ties with Asia. Abe＇s diplomacy toward Asia was characterized by ＂value oriented diplomacy＂, whereas Fukuda seeks to carry out ＂active diplomacy toward Asia＂ after his cabinet was formed. The changes in foreign policy of the Abe and Fukuda cabinets show that Japan＇s nationalist foreign policy is evolving in twists and turns from being radical to being more rational against the backdrop of domestic and international political reality. To explore this change and its causes is conducive to the better understanding of some features of Japan＇s diplomacy toward Asia.     

How Long Should China Hold Aloft the Banner of ＂GDP Priority＂？

In 2010,China became the world’s number two economic power.Its per capita GDP is still below the world average,but it continues to possess great demand for economic growth and has amassed huge development funds and capacity for construction.The majority of Chinese people welcome the government’s development policies.As such,it is necessary and very likely that China will continue its policy of "GDP priority" for another generation at least.     

Geopolitical Considerations

India is contiguous with Southeast Asia, holding borderlines of more than 2000 kilometers with Burma. India‘s Andaman-Nicobar Islands situate near the outlet of the Malacca Strait, with their southmost point only 128 kilometers from Indonesia‘s Sumatra. Given its dominant status and power in South Asia, and its special geographic location neighboring Southeast Asia, India is the only power in South Asia that can interact geopolitically with Southeast Asia in the present and foreseeable future. In fact, its geopolitical connection with the latter has long come into existence. ……     

The Transformation and Prospects of NATO

The end of the Cold War has undermined NATO’s raison d’être.But instead of disintegrating,NATO has survived and,moreover,reformed and expanded.An epitome of the swiftly changing international security landscape,NATO’s development is the product of policy adjustment across the Atlantic and is constrained by conflicting interests both within and outside the organization.In the future,the extent to which NATO can exert its influence depends on its capacity to tackle new threats. Transforming NATO has posed a s...     

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Afghan Issue

Afghanistan is not a member country of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization （SCO）, nor an observer country of it. However, Afghanistan has special relations with the SCO. In the whole history of the SCO, the Afghan issue has never been missed on SCO＇s radar. This is mainly because Afghanistan is closely related to the security of the region and remains deeply entangled with the various security issues in Central Asia,     

China and Its Neighbors

After the September 11 events, America timely took the opportunity of antiterrorism to spread its offensive to Central Asia. In so doing, its intention to push for its policy of "managing " Eurasia has become prominent. Undoubtedly, America's series of measures ignited changes of the situation in China's surrounding regions, bringing many negative influ     

China and Asia： Prospects for Common Development

Asia’s rise has caused waves in terms of both geopolitics and the global economy in the 21st Century. Its rise is also poised to heavily influence future global growth. Many scholars are talking about the eastwards migration of global power and debating who will emerge as a leading power in Asia. While the rise has caused rifts in regional cooperation mechanisms it has also created many channels for Asia’s development path. How should we look at Asia’s rise? How can we ride these changes and how can we create a win-win situation for all Asian countries? How do we ensure that Asia has a bright future? These questions merit the careful attention of academics in political and economic fields in China, Asia and the rest of the world.     

Risks and Path Choices of the Tapering of Federal Reserve QE and Its Impact on China

In December 2013,the Federal Open Market Committee （FOMC） formally announced that it would wind down the size of its large-scale asset purchase program.This formally set in motion the exit of quantitative easing （QE）.However,at present,the American unemployment rate is still relatively high,the real estate market is gloomy,inflation is too low,the balance sheet is facing an unexpected increase in risks,and policies are confionted with cost pressures.Under such circumstances,the Fed is faced with multiple challenges in the tapering of QE.QE policy has made great contributions to helping the United States to shake off financial crisis,and the safe and smooth exit of the policy is of the utmost importance to the recovery of the U.S.economy and the reshaping of U.S.advantages.In addition,the Fed＇s monetary policy reversal will engender spillover risks and challenges for China＇s economy.     

进入新时代的中国外交:开启新航程展现新气象（英文）

China’s diplomacy has made many breakthroughs and important headway in the year of 2017.As socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era,China needs to gain a new outlook,make new accomplishments and take new responsibilities in the conduct of foreign policy,and will continue to act as a responsible major country in a world of great changes,transformations and adjustments.     

莫迪政府的印度洋政策（英文）

With greater importance attached to the Indian Ocean,specific and systematic measures have been adopted by the Modi government for its Indian Ocean policy.This will not only have implications for the development of India’s maritime strategy,but will also lead to an inevitable transformation of the Indian Ocean’s geopolitical landscape.     

The Expansion of Islamic State in China's Periphery

From June 2014,ISIS has waged war and controlled territory in areas of Syria and Iraq.ISIS is also expected to seek to control areas in China's periphery in South Asia,Southeast Asia and Central Asia.This poses a direct threat to China's own security and development as well as to public safety.This article analyzes how ISIS is expanding into these areas and evaluates the scope of its influence in South Asia,Southeast Asia and Central Asia.It also examines ISIS ideology,political objectives and strategy.     

ABSTRACTS

BJP secured victory in India＇s recent general election with a landslide win and new Prime Minister Narendra Medi＇s foreign policy has become an issue of wide attention. According to the author, BJP government will continue India＇s effort to be among global powers; emphasize its engagement with major powers such as the US and China while safeguard its strategic autonomy; and improve its troubled ties with Pakistan. India will conduct pragmatic diplomacy in economic ccoporation, non-traditional and maritime security, and its Look East thrust. A stable Sino-India relationship is expectably likely during Medi＇s tenure in view of the robust bilateral economic engagement despite difficulty in resolving their border disputes.