缔约过失责任比较研究

我国大陆和台湾地区的缔约过失责任制度都是继受德国的缔约过失责任制度。我国大陆由于立法进程晚于台湾地区,得以未经过判例的发展而直接引入缔约过失责任的概括性规定,从而避免了不能全面保护缔约双方当事人合法权益的流弊。我国大陆的缔约过失责任制度仍然存在缺陷,可以借鉴德国的做法将其置于合同法之中加以规定,或者借助我国侵权行为法立法之机,将缔约过失责任所担负的功能纳入侵权行为法的规范调整之中。     

缔约过失责任理论基础研究

缔约过失责任制度在各国民法中有着重要地位,在司法实践中发挥着不可取代的作用.关于缔约过失责任的理论基础,法学界历来有侵权行为说、法律行为说、法律规定说和诚实信用说.前三种理论不同程度地揭示出缔约过失责任的部分特征,但均不周全.缔约过失责任的前提是"先契约义务",基于诚实信用原则而产生,诚实信用作为缔约上的一种义务,和信赖利益作为一种缔约上的权利,二者互为权利义务关系.诚实信用原則作为缔约过失责任的请求枳基础是合理的令人信服的.缔约过失责任制度的价值基础在于契约自由所体现的自由价值与诚实信用原则所体现的正义价值构成法律价值体系相倚的两极,产生相互亲和的张力,将现代社会所肯定的自由观和正义观和谐地体现在人们的社会经济生活之中.     

论缔约过失责任的性质

传统侵权行为法在某些方面未能给予缔约过失责任足够的空间,但这并不妨碍缔约过失责任的侵权责任性质。一方面,在理论上传统侵权法的缺陷可以通过其自身规则的发展得到完善,另一方面,在法律适用上应将缔约过失责任作为一种特殊的侵权责任对待,采取特别法优于普通法的原则,首先适用法律上关于缔约过失的规定,如果特别法未作规定的,则适用侵权行为法的规定。     

缔约过失责任探析

缔约过失责任是指当事人在订立合同过程中因违反诚实信用原则 ,给对方造成损失所应当承担的损害赔偿责任。关于缔约过失责任的法律性质大致有四种学说 :侵权行为说、法律行为说、法律规定说、诚实信用原则说。我国《合同法》规定缔约过失责任的构成要件是 :缔约当事人违反先合同义务 ;缔约相对人受到损失 ;违反先合同义务的一方有过错 ;过错与损失之间有因果关系。缔约过失责任与违约责任、侵权责任等其他民事责任之间有明显的区别     

关于缔约过失责任制度几个问题的理论探讨

缔约过失责任制度是我国新合同法中确立的一项崭新的法律制度,对完善我国债法制度体系,完善交易规则、弘扬商业道德具有重要意义。本文就缔约过失的请求权基础、缔约过失责任的司法适用以及缔约过失责任与相关责任的关系分别进行了理论探讨,以期对我国缔约过失责任法律制度的构筑有所裨益。     

再论缔约过失责任

一、缔约过失责任的历史发展无论缔约过失责任的立法、理论还是实务,德国都是发源地,也最具典型。缔约过失责任的功能在于当事人一方因过失导致另一方因相信合同的成立但最终未成立或者无效而遭受损失,缔约过失确立此种情况下的责任承担。缔约过失的此种功能可以追溯到1794年的普鲁士土地普通法,但其发展则归功于德国法学家耶林于1861年发表在《耶林法学年报》第四卷上的《缔约上过失,契约无效与未臻完全时之损害赔偿》一文。在文中,他指出:“从事契约缔结的人,是从契约交易外消极义务范畴,进入契约上积极义务范畴,其因此而承担的首要义务,系于缔约时善尽必要的注意。法律所保护的并     

论缔约过失责任的性质

自从耶林创立缔约过失责任理论百余年以来,各国学者对其性质都进行了详细的研究,并大致形成了侵权行为说、法律行为说、法律规定说以及诚实信用说四种说法。目前诚实信用说已成为德国、我国台湾及大陆的通说。本文通过对上述四种说法的反思,指出侵权行为说应是缔约过失责任的理论基础。     

浅析《合同法》中的几种具体合同责任

从狭义上讲，合同仅指有效合同，合同责任就是合同中的违约责任。但从广义上说，合同不仅包括有效合同，还应包括无效合同以及合同的缔结阶段、合同消灭后的契约阶段，合同责任也应当包括五种具体的形式，即缔约过失责任、合同无效责任、预期违约责任、实际违约责任、后契约责任。本文主要介绍了这五种具体合同责任的构成要件及法律后果。     

缔约过失责任的产生和演变

缔约过失责任是一种不以合同有效成立为前提的新型的合同责任 ,它冲破了罗马法以来的契约理论框架 ,扩大了合同责任适用的范围。本文探讨了缔约过失责任的产生和演变 ,并揭示了该制度的理论意义     

浅析违约责任与侵仅责任的竞合

行为人实施了某一特定行为，使其行为本身具有了违约行为和侵权行为的双重属性，触犯了有关契约和侵权行为两方面的规范，从而在法律上导致了违约责任和侵权责任的同时产生，给受害人在责任方式的选择，以及由此而引发的不同的权利保护效果。由于是同一行为产生了不同性质的责任，即权利人享有了不同的请求权，此种现象为请求权的竞合。     

A CHANCE FORA RESET

The spread and effects of the novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have been so rapid and widespread that attempting to make sense of what is happening,let alone write about it,has often been an exercise in frustration at best and futility at worst.Case numbers,industry shutdowns,retail closures,markets dropping,economic disruption,supply chain disruption,geopolitical implications-news on all of this and more is rolling in and changing on an hourly basis.     

A Winner and A Loser

Challenges and opportunities in China’s PV industry China has been a major player in changing the global photovoltaic (PV) landscape in the past decade. In 2002, Japan,     

A TRAP WITHIN A TRAP

China’s economy is entering a new stage after its per-capita GDP surpassed$10,000 in 2019,according to official figures released by the National Bureau of Statistics on January 17.This means that the country faces a critical moment as it confronts the challenge of escaping the so-called"middle-income trap"(MIT)and becoming a true high-income country.     

A Friend and A Business Partner

This year marks the 45th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between the People's Republic of China and the Federative Republic of Brazil. Holding the rotating presidency of BRICS this year, Brazil will also host the BRICS Summit in November. In an exclusive interview to Beijing Review, Brazilian Ambassador to China Paulo Estivallet de Mesquita shared his views on the rapidly growing relationship between the two countries.     

FORGING A BRIDGE WITH A BRUSH

正One former UN program manager explains how calligraphy reflects the roots of Chinese culture After setting up the Chinese calligraphy class at the UN in 2011,Yong Ho,former Chinese Language Supervisor of the UN,instinctively knew the task at hand was a challenging one.     

A Cold Winter and A Warming Earth

As Arctic winds blow over North America,Europe and East Asia,many parts of north China have also been struggling through snowstorm after snowstorm during the coldest winter in decades.     

A Crucial Year,A Crucial Session

正The 13th National People’s Congress (NPC),China’s national legislature, opened its second session on March 5 at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Premier Li Keqiang delivered the Report on the Work of the Government on behalf of the State Council to NPC deputies and members of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee.     

A WOMAN WHO HAS TRANSFORMED A VILLAGE

<正>Yu Liufen,a delegate to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,has led her village out of poverty Wearing a bob hairstyle,a confident smile and a cape draped casually over a black dress,48-year-old Yu Liufen exudes maturity and composure befitting her age.A village branch secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)in southwest China’s Guizhou Province and a