当前我国未成年人犯罪成因及对策的道德四维分析

当前我国未成年人犯罪呈现许多新特点.从道德层面四维分析,未成年人犯罪主要有道德认知不足、道德情感缺失、道德意志薄弱和道德行为悖谬等原因.要预防未成年人犯罪,需从提高道德认知、加深道德情感、增强道德意志和规范道德行为四个方面,加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设.     

浅析当前青少年犯罪问题

随着社会的不断发展,当前青少年犯罪的特点和原因出现了一系列的新变化。从犯罪类型看,主要 为财产犯罪,表现为抢劫和盗窃;从犯罪方式上看,团伙犯罪严重,并且出现专业化方向发展的趋势;从犯罪手段来 看,青少年犯罪日趋成年化、智能化。     

深圳青少年犯罪预防机制初探

青少年犯罪是当今世界各国十分重视的社会问题。我们近期对306名犯罪青少年进行问卷调查,希 望从中探讨分析深圳青少年犯罪的原因、特点,寻觅预防青少年犯罪的对策。     

合同诈骗犯罪若干问题研究

合同诈骗犯罪作为我国目前最严重的经济犯罪形式,具有两个显著特点:典型的犯罪目的性和犯罪 手段的特殊性、隐蔽性。要有效地遏制合同诈骗犯罪的滋生,必须从源头上进行控制。     

瑞丽:直奔黄金口岸“第一堡”等

<正>昆明:"2010年严打整治行动"正式拉开序幕6月20日起,昆明市"2010严打整治行动"正式拉开序幕。此后的7个月里,昆明警方将全力以赴,严厉打击个人极端暴力犯罪、涉枪涉爆犯罪、黑恶势力犯罪等违法犯     

强迫职工劳动罪的几个问题

强迫职工劳动罪作为修订刑法时新增加的一个罪名,并不被人们所熟知。几年前发生的山西黑砖窑案件暴露出本罪认定中存在一些问题,如认定标准问题、与相关犯罪的界限等问题,使人们开始关注与研究这一犯罪。对于强迫职工劳动罪的构成标准而言,将自然人作为本罪的主体具有一定的合理性、科学性;对于强迫职工劳动罪与雇用童工从事危重劳动罪的交叉关系,应根据不同情况区别对待;对于强迫职工劳动过程中交织其他犯罪时,应依照不同情况适用想象竞合犯、数罪并罚等处理原则。     

城镇化过程中的未成年人犯罪——来自广东省番禺市的调查与分析

番禹市由广东省原来的农业县发展为现今城乡一体、以工商业为主的县级市,有着较为典型的工业化、城市化发展进程.笔者于1994年7月赴该市进行调研,根据有关城镇青少年犯罪因素的理论假设,从实证资料中概括出番禹市各镇未成年人犯罪情况与该镇经济发展水平的对应关系,并从社会城乡发展、青少年心理发展特点等方面深入分析,提出对策.     

当前未成年人权益保护调查及对策研究

自上世纪以来,随着我国改革开放和互联网等科技的迅猛发展,在社会转型时期,一些社会问题接踵而至,未成年人犯罪和未成年人权益的保护问题,亟待引起全社会的普遍关注。本篇笔者结合湖南内陆省份的实际情况,从实地调研入手,探讨未成年犯罪人存在的主要问题及产生原因,从而对如何防范未成年人犯罪,有效地保护未成年人的合法权益,促进未成年人一代的茁壮成长,提出了相应的对策。     

警惕身边的毒品犯罪

“远离毒品．真爱生命”是每个人耳熟能详的宣传语，但很多人却认为毒品犯罪离我们很遥远。其实，毒品离我们并不远，很多毒品犯罪被告人往往都是出于无知和麻痹。法官提醒人们，要警惕身边的毒品犯罪.     

论青少年法制教育的价值

法制教育对规范青少年的行为,使青少年树立正确而高尚的人生观,依法维护自身的合法权利,预防和降低青少年犯罪,起着非常重要的作用。青少年法制教育的价值主要体现为威慑价值、规制价值、保护价值、评价价值、激励价值、信仰价值等。     

“She's not really a woman, she's half a man”: Gendered discourses of embodiment in a French farming community

This paper is about constructions of embodiment in farming families in a community of the Aveyron region in Southern France. More particularly, it explores how the discursive representation of women's bodies both reproduces and legitimates unequal gender relations between women and men on the farm and in the local community. It is argued here that gender is constituted through the ways in which individuals live and construct their bodies within a particular social, cultural, and economic context. But because what is constructed as masculine is valued over what is constructed as feminine, women's bodies and abilities are inferiorised and devalued. In the farming context discussed in this paper, farm women are never seen as having bodies which enable them to farm in the same terms as men. Women's work on the farm is seen as only secondary and complementary to that of farmers in the same way that women's bodies are seen to be lacking in masculine attributes which are defined as central to farming. So that even when women show that they can run farms by themselves and do work which is usually defined as masculine, they are either represented as only being able to do so because they have male help, or because their bodies and attributes do not conform to culturally constructed heterosexual norms of femininity.     

Women have servants and men never eat: issues in reading gender,using the case study of mass-observation's 1937 day-diaries

Abstract

The category ‘gender’ has become axiomatic to feminist analysis: analysing the dynamics and outcomes of gender has come to be seen as constituting ‘what academic feminists do’. Within feminist analysis, gender is positioned as ana prioricharacteristic of social life; and gender is also analytically privileged as the most salient characteristic of people and social situations. Both assumptions are challenged. This article argues instead that gender is not a discovery, something innately ‘there’ in social life, but is rather to be understood as an invention, an imposed analytic category of great utility for academic feminism, but also one which creates as many analytic troubles as it solves. The article problematises thea prioriand privileged status of gender within feminist analysis by discussing various interpretational issues involved in analysing a set of day-diaries written by women and men for Mass-Observation in 1937, in particular focusing on reading and writing as interpretational acts which are often treated as analytically transparent. Here, however, this epistemological bracketing is suspended, and instead both are scrutinised in analytical detail. Although the argument is discussed in relation to these specific historical materials, it is argued that the same epistemological issues arise in relation to the analysis of all kinds of research materials, whether historical or present-day, for reading and writing are the crucial elements of interpretation, and interpretation is itself central to feminist as to all other analysis.     

Taking It Out on the Body? A Phenomenological Study of Young Adults’ Gendered Experiences of Depression and Antidepressant Use

In this article, we use in-depth interviews with young adults in Sweden to explore the gendered and embodied experiences of depression and antidepressant use. Building upon previous phenomenological research, we analyse being depressed and on antidepressants as altered embodied states, in which corporealization—experiencing the body as a material object—is central. Feminist interventions by Toril Moi and Iris Marion Young inform our analysis of embodiment as gendered. The bodily facets of depression include the weight of the anxious body in crying and not sleeping, as well as the weakened or distorted relationship between body, mind and world in brooding thoughts and hopelessness. These experiences of corporealization are not expressed in gendered terms but, when acted out in depression, they do appear to be gendered. The female body becomes “the first battleground”—as the socially endorsed object upon which to act destructively. In contrast, male behaviour is not expressed as self-destructive, but projects in the world are emphasized at the cost of (bodily) well-being. Although antidepressants lift the corporeal weight of anxiety and low mood, they install a new, and in some respects more profound, corporealization of the body. This is expressed as feeling and caring less and being like a thing or machine. It can be understood in terms of an increased distance from the world—not articulated in gendered terms. As a way of existing in the world, the medicated state bears strong similarities to the depressed state from which it was originally an effort to escape. Thus, taking medication can be seen as yet another way of acting on the body as object. Furthermore, it could be suggested from our findings that when the body is not felt—when there is a breakdown of the meaningful relationship between the body and the world—the experience is less gendered.     

a migrant ethic of care? negotiating care and caring among migrant workers in London's low-pay economy

A care deficit is clearly evident in global cities such as London and is attributable to an ageing population, the increased employment of native-born women, prevalent gender ideologies that continue to exempt men from much reproductive work, as well as the failure of the state to provide viable alternatives. However, while it is now acknowledged that migrant women, and to a lesser extent, migrant men, step in to provide care in cities such as London, there is less research on how this shapes the nature, politics and ethics of care. Drawing upon empirical research with low-paid migrant workers employed as domiciliary care providers in London, this paper explores the emergence of a distinct migrant ethic of care that is critically shaped by the caring work that migrant women and men perform.     

Women and depression

Neurotic depression is twice as common among women. This is a puzzle to medical and social science. In this article, genetic and hormonal explanations are considered as well as the problem of distinguishing body from mind. Environmental causes are considered from the viewpoint of epidemiology, psychoanalysis and sociology. Neurotic depression is viewed as the outcome of an excess of stresses over supports and related to a woman's marital status, class and occupation.In the doctor-patient relationship, the doctor has a privileged role in interpreting what is said, an interpretation which appears as scientific to some and as individual to others. For, in order for it to be meaningful in a personal exchange, language constantly refers back to symbols which have been historically and culturally generated and, in doing so, incorporates particular historical and cultural values. By subjecting doctors and their patients to invoking a particular ideology, language binds us and blinds us in an allusive search for reality.     

Attention under repair: asceticism from self-care to care of the self

This essay examines the contemporary mindfulness movement as a cultural response to a larger problem of attention in the United States. As raw material for both capital (re)production and subjectivity, attention is a zone of indeterminacy and struggle for workers in a so-called immaterial economy. This essay suggests that the rise of concern around “paying attention” from the 1950s onward is driven by post-Fordist labor requirements more than networked technologies. First, it examines mindfulness as a technique of attention management for businesses and gives a broad survey of its current popularity and prevalence in US culture. Second, it proposes viewing techniques of attention like mindfulness through a triple lens of repair: (1) as managerial tools to repair psychic labor capacity for capital; (2) as practices that subjects use to repair alienation; and (3) as sites for reparative reading. Third, the essay illuminates the ties between Eve Sedgwick’s repair and Michel Foucault’s care of the self in order to suggest that resistance to practicing the self is founded on a paranoid defense. Its central argument is that attention is a method in Foucault's care of the self, and, as such, a potential portal into pleasure and political change rather than a mere feedback loop into capital.     

“Like Having New Batteries Installed!”: Problematizing the Category of the “40+ Mother” in Contemporary Danish Media

In recent years, the phenomenon of the “40+ mother” has generated much media attention in Denmark. Within these discussions, 40+ mothers are regularly labelled as ridiculous, bad, or irresponsible, their access to assisted reproductive technologies is restricted, and their right to them is questioned. This rhetoric is explored here within the particular context of the Danish welfare state, which commonly takes pride in being family-friendly and is often seen as liberal in terms of its gender policies. This paper analyses these debates and argues that the ideological category of the “old mother” is another formulation of sexist and ageist discourses that identify feminine ageing with decline and emptiness. Drawing on feminist age studies, these media representations are considered here as a manifestation of middle-ageism, in which 40+ mothers undergo a process of accelerated ageing as they fail to act their age. The analysis traces these emerging discourses and discusses some of the alternatives they raise. The paper is situated within social and feminist studies of time that aim to challenge normative reproductive temporalities and the ideology of ageing as decline, so that the category of 40+ mothers opens up new rhythmic options for reproductive time and for heteronormative life-course paradigms more generally.     

Behind Harold's Bloomsday Book: Gothic Secrets in Literary History

Harold Bloom's influential theory of literary influence has been widely regarded as utterly patriarchal, and yet some feminist critics have adapted rather than attacked it. The theory argues that a great poem aggressively rewrites and thereby conceals its precursor in order to appear as completely original. Bloom's theory of precursors invites in its turn an application of itself to itself, and his Anxiety of Influence seems to trail several possible antecedents, such as Shakespeare and Freud. A more powerful precursor, however, is a novel written by a woman: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein . Just as Bloom's theory postulates only fathers replicating themselves through generational struggle and identification, so Mary Shelley's Gothic shocker represses the mother as both a source and an object of desire. What Bloom's theory thus represses behind its model of masculine sublime poets is a feminine Gothic novel. There is, however, a crucial difference: whereas Shelley's novel is profoundly critical of Victor Frankenstein's paternal shortcomings, such overweening Gothic masculinity provides the very basis of Bloom's Anxiety of Influence (1973), conceived as it is in the immediate post-Vietnam era. Such strong revision notwithstanding, behind the strong critic who re-asserts American masculinity after Vietnam stands the madman in the laboratory, and behind him stands the repressed mother, otherwise known to literary history as the Madwoman in the Attic. What she reveals is that literary history is Gothic rather than sublime, and that it will not ultimately cover and compensate for the worst creation of men: war itself. Even the enquiring spirit of the New Historicism emerges as a function of this Gothic exposure.     

关于提高地方总工会领导能力的研究和思考

地方总工会是所辖区域内各行业工会组织的领导中枢。要实现对基层工会组织的有效领导,在工会领导机关的运行机制上,要积极适应“小机关、大服务”的要求;在领导方式上,要克服以行政化为主要的弊端;在干部队伍建设上,要提高整体素质,夯实职业化、专业化干部队伍基础。总之,增强地方总工会领导能力,是一个面对现实、着眼发展的重要问题。     

Women's self concept and belief: A feminist approach to empowerment symbolism

Because most cultures use the metaphor of Male Godhead to legitimate male control of earthly objects, their women are led to internalise a self-image in which their natural purpose is read as the primary and ultimate bearers and carers of life. This cosmological task is defined as inferior, thus masking the fact that women develop an identity in which their self-evaluation includes the needs and contentment of others. Prevented from operating the same ethical values as their men, their minds and bodies mediate the pain caused to them and others by the limited moral responsibility required of men whose goals must be competitive and instrumental. The effort to articulate symbols to convey the female experience of personal identity as communal identity has involved the international women's movements to provide images unifying materials and spiritual purposes, and simultaneously to force men to see this as superior intersubjective praxis. Empowering women by asserting their interpersonal self-image as the norm is prerequisite for rationalising economic legal and scientific thinking.