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《中国法医学杂志》2019,(2):136-141
目的通过检测和分析DNA甲基化差异的方法识别三种法庭科学犯罪现场常见体液(唾液斑、精液斑、血液斑)细胞来源。方法利用亚硫酸氢盐法对唾液斑、精液斑、血液斑的DNA样品进行甲基化处理,对由文献[1]和实验过程中筛选得到的甲基化位点进行illumina高通量测序,检测三种体液斑中细胞DNA的甲基化程度,并通过BP神经网络分析每一个位点的甲基化程度与细胞来源的关系及全部检测位点的甲基化程度联合与细胞来源的关系。结果运用BP神经网络对35份样品的73个位点的甲基化程度进行训练和预测,可以将唾液、精液、血液三种来源的DNA样本分开,其准确率达到77.3%。其中精细胞在L81528位点中表现为高甲基化,唾液和血液表现为低甲基化,可将精细胞准确鉴别出来。结论本研究建立的高通量测序分析DNA甲基化差异的方法可通过增加检测位点和样品数量进一步提高识别体液细胞来源的准确率。 相似文献
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DNA甲基化是表观遗传标记的重要组成部分,参与基因表达的调控,在生物发育、衰老以及肿瘤学等领域受到广泛关注。由于具有相对稳定性、可遗传、含量丰富、随龄变化等特点,在法医学领域,DNA甲基化可以作为DNA序列相关经典遗传标记的有效补充,用于年龄推断、组织体液来源检测、同卵双生子的鉴定等。DNA甲基化的检测方法主要有基于甲基化敏感限制性内切酶、重亚硫酸盐转化以及甲基化CpG结合蛋白等原理而建立的一系列方法,近年研究表明,第三代测序技术也可用于DNA甲基化检测。本文就DNA甲基化检测方法及在法医学领域的应用研究进行回顾与综述,以期为法医学实践提供参考。 相似文献
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目的 案件现场遗留的体液等生物检材对案件性质的判定以及犯罪现场的重建具有重要意义。本研究旨在确定ARMS-PCR技术能否用于DNA甲基化位点的检测,评估候选的DNA甲基化标记物是否具有体液特异性,以便于解决目前体液鉴定复杂、成本高、混合样本识别困难等问题。方法 利用ARMS技术设计DNA甲基化特异性引物,构建复合扩增体系,通过毛细管电泳进行分型检测。结果 本研究利用ARMS技术以及毛细管电泳构建了包含22个甲基化位点的复合扩增体系,进一步检测并识别出了100例单一体液样本。结论 该方法可实现甲基化位点的检测,是一种快速、低成本的检测方式,候选位点具有体液特异性。 相似文献
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《中国法医学杂志》2021,(5)
目的针对唾液、精液、外周血,找到一组可用于区分不同体液的组织差异性甲基化位点,为确定案件现场提取的体液组织来源提供科学依据。方法选取常见体液样本共49份,运用Illumina 850K甲基化芯片进行全基因组甲基化检测,筛选获得17个候选CpG位点;使用焦磷酸测序对55份样本进行测序,实际共检测了候选位点及其附近的位点共34个CpG位点。选择基于赤池信息量(AIC)的逐步条件多分类逻辑回归方法进行数据分析。结果基于3个CpG位点(cg25373595、cg18121066、cg17283169)构建了多分类逻辑回归模型用于体液组织来源预测,分别位于RAP1GAP2,TBCD,CALML3基因上。该模型对精液来源预测的AUC、灵敏度和特异性均为1,对唾液和静脉血来源的预测AUC和灵敏度均为1,特异性分别为0.99和0.98。在独立的唾液、精液和静脉血3种体液共24份样本中对该预测模型进行验证,预测结果全部正确。结论本文建立的基于3个CpG位点的体液组织来源鉴定方法可以实现唾液、精液和静脉血3种体液的有效区分,在法庭科学中具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
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表观遗传学及其在同卵双生子研究中的新进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
表观遗传学是指不改变DNA序列的可遗传的基因表达改变.是多细胞真核生物的重要生物学现象.DNA甲基化、基因组印记、组蛋白乙酰化、组蛋白甲基化、染色质重塑、假基因和小分子RNA等是表观遗传学的主要研究内容.同卵双生子(monozygotic twins,MZ)是由一个受精卵分裂发育而成的双胞胎,二者具有完全相同的基因组DNA序列.从经典遗传学的角度,使用短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,sTR)和单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)等遗传标记均不能对其进行有效的个体甄别.因此,寻找新的遗传标记显得尤为重要,最新表观遗传学领域的研究成果表明.MZ个体间DNA甲基化差异显著,这为甄别MZ个体提供了新的策略.本文对表观遗传学的概念、研究内容及表观遗传学在MZ鉴别中的应用前景进行了综述. 相似文献
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Identifying the origin of body fluids left at a crime scene can give a significant insight into crime scene reconstruction by supporting a link betw een sample donors and actual criminal acts. How ev-er, the conventional body fluid identification methods are prone to various limitations, such as time con-sumption, intensive labor, nonparallel manner, varying degrees of sensitivity and limited specificity. Re-cently, the analysis of cell-specific messenger RNA expression (mRNA profiling) has been proposed to supplant conventional methods for body fluid identification. Since 2011, the collaborative exercises have been organized by the European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP ) in order to evaluate the robustness and reproducibility of mRNA profiling for body fluid identification. The major advantages of mRNA profil-ing, compared to the conventional methods, include higher sensitivity, greater specificity, the ability of detecting several body fluids in one multiplex reaction, and compatibilitywith current DNA extraction and analysis procedure. In the current review ,we provided an overview of the present know ledge and detection methodologies of mRNA profiling for forensic body fluid identification and discussed its possi-ble practical application to forensic casew ork. 相似文献
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《犯罪被害人权利法》标志着美国犯罪被害人保护立法达到了顶峰,但是环境犯罪被害人的出现使该法的适用引起了争议。反对者的主要理由是基于审判程序的复杂性、被害人的难以确定性和媒体报道所导致的不公正性,然而,支持者认为适用该法不仅不会导致审判程序复杂化,而且能够合理地保护环境犯罪被害人的权利并保证审判的公正性。引起争论的深层原因在于环境犯罪被害人的特殊性。美国《犯罪被害人权利法》的扩张适用对我国环境犯罪被害人的保护具有启发意义。首先是扩展传统犯罪被害人的定义;其次是保障环境犯罪被害人的刑事诉权;最后是完善环境犯罪被害人的救济制度。 相似文献
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非法经营罪规制目的的预设与生成 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
非法经营罪在实践中存在扩张适用的倾向,被认为是“口袋罪”,对其司法适用有必要进行限缩。传统限缩方法是采取等价解释,但无法对该罪的规制目的予以合理解释。立法者在创制该规范之际并无明确的目的预设,且可能希望该罪的规范保护范围通过自发方式在司法中生成。在整体法秩序发展之中,基于经济、法治等外部系统的变化,非法经营罪除了要保障行政许可制度之外,还应越来越关注对市场调整方式的现实保障。行业性的合规制度作为市场调整的方式,将成为判断非法经营罪的根据。 相似文献
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Kangoh Lee 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2018,45(1):59-80
An increase in the unemployment rate decreases the opportunity cost of crime and increases the crime rate according to standard microeconomics models. However, a large body of empirical research has shown that an increase in unemployment may increase or decrease crime. By incorporating the return to crime into standard economic models, this paper shows that an increase in unemployment, as in recessions, decreases the opportunity cost of crime and the return to crime as well. As a result, the effect of unemployment on crime is ambiguous and depends on the apprehension rate. An increase in the unemployment rate tends to decrease the crime rate at lower apprehension rates, but to increase it at higher apprehension rates. An increase in the generosity of unemployment insurance benefits does not necessarily reduce the crime rate, and the effect of more generous unemployment insurance on crime depends again on the apprehension rate. 相似文献
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David Kauzlarich 《Contemporary Justice Review》2013,16(1):67-85
A hallmark of critical criminology is its critique of the traditional definition of crime. For decades, critical scholars have proposed humanistic definitions of crime that bring state violence into the purview of academic criminology—although outside of critical criminology this is a matter of great contentiousness. This study investigates the views of those involved in peace activism, but not in any way associated with academic criminology, about the application of the term ‘crime’ to war, specifically the recent US war on Iraq. Given that there is no existing research on this subject, the article also examines how peace activists define crime generally and whether they believe those responsible for the war should be regarded as war criminals. Not surprisingly, semi‐structured interviews with 13 anti‐war activists reveal significant support for elements of critical criminological definitions of crime but an unexpected concern on the part of some that the application of the term ‘crime’ to war could be counterproductive in efforts to stop state violence. The rationales for this concern, as well as those for other issues addressed in the study, are largely presented in the interviewees’ own words. 相似文献
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This article seeks to examine the area characteristics that act as determinants of area property crime levels, namely, incidence and prevalence. The crime figures are extracted from the 1984 British Crime Survey. Area characteristics are taken from the 1981 UK census. Initial exploratory analysis considers the non-Gaussian nature of the crime data, the statistical implications of this, and the transformations used to overcome these problems. In addition, possible regional and inner-city/non-inner-city variations are considered. The later stages move from simple individual correlations to multiple regression models. Three regression models are considered and the reasons for refining these are explored, with the results indicating that both area characteristics and regional influences play a role as determinants of the area crime level. In particular, population density and the area population age profile have significant roles to play. The conclusions support the recent revival of the application of ecological concepts in the analysis of crime levels. 相似文献