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同卵双生子具有相同的基因组DNA序列,因而无法使用常规的DNA分型方法如短串联重复序列即STR分析对其作鉴别区分。故破获涉及同卵双生子的案件有非常大的挑战性,因此在法医物证学领域迫切需要新的技术方法来应对并解决这一难题。随着表观遗传学的发展,转录组学成为法医学研究的新切入点。MicroRNA(miRNA)作为一类内源性的非编码小RNA分子,在机体中参与调节多种生理学过程,是转录组学研究的重要对象。研究表明,miRNA具有高保守性、分子量小、表达时序性及组织特异性强等特点,表现出法医物证应用方面的巨大潜力。本文综合分析了miRNA检测技术在同卵双生子甄别中的应用可行性,并综述了近年来miRNA在同卵双生子甄别上的研究进展。 相似文献
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《中国法医学杂志》社 《中国法医学杂志》2018,(6):589-589
《中国法医学杂志》是综合性学术期刊,栏目分五大类:第一类,有“论著”、“技术与应用”和“学术探讨”栏目,刊载在法医学科各领域的科研成果(包括阶段性成果),探讨新理论,介绍新技术、新方法、新进展,所涉及内容覆盖了法医病理学、法医损伤学、法医人类学、法医临床学、法医物证学、法医毒物学、毒物毒品分析、司法精神病学等。 相似文献
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《中国法医学杂志》是综合性学术期刊,栏目分五大类:第一类,有"论著"、"技术与应用"和"学术探讨"栏目,刊载在法医学科各领域的科研成果(包括阶段性成果),探讨新理论,介绍新技术、新方法、新进展,所涉及内容覆盖了法医病理学、法医损伤学、法医人类学、法医临床学、法医物证学、法医毒物学、毒物毒品分析、司法精神病学等。 相似文献
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法医物证在刑事诉讼中发挥着多种功能,但目前实践中对法医物证的有效发现、提取、保管、检验鉴定及应用的技术规范和证据规则尚不完善。本文从技术规范、诉讼程序以及证据应用的角度发掘法医物证应用的规律性内容,用以指导实践部门提高法医物证的发现、提取、检出的比率以及法医物证在刑事审判中的采用率及证明力,从而较好地解决定案证据的来源和案件事实的认定问题,并避免因法医物证错用而导致的错案。 相似文献
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Carolyn A. Lewis B.S. Tiffany R. Layne M.S. Sarah J. Seashols‐Williams Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(6):1823-1830
Molecular‐based approaches for biological source identification are of great interest in the forensic community because of a lack of sensitivity and specificity in current methods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered due to their robust nature and tissue specificity; however, analysis requires a separate RNA extraction, requiring an additional step in the forensic analysis workflow. The purpose of this study was to evaluate miRNA detection in blood, semen, and saliva using DNA extraction methods commonly utilized for forensic casework. RT‐qPCR analysis revealed that the tested miRNAs were consistently detectable across most tested DNA extraction methods, but detection was significantly reduced compared to RNA extracts in some biological fluids. DNase treatment was not necessary to achieve miRNA‐specific results. A previously developed miRNA panel for forensic body fluid identification was evaluated using DNA extracts, and largely demonstrated concordance with results from samples deriving from RNA extracts of semen, blood, and saliva. 相似文献
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DNA甲基化在组织/体液来源鉴定中的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对可疑生物样本的组织/体液进行来源鉴别是重建犯罪现场、推断犯罪性质等侦查活动中极为重要的一环。对表观遗传学理论的研究证明运用基因组中存在的组织特异性DNA甲基化差异位点(t DMRs)可以对组织/体液进行来源鉴别。本文旨在通过对近年来DNA甲基化在法医学领域用于鉴定人体组织/体液来源方面的研究成果进行阐述,试图用所得到的信息来分析DNA甲基化作为一种组织/体液鉴定遗传学标记的可能性、优劣点及其应用价值和发展前景,以期能为法医工作者的相关研究及实践提供参考。 相似文献
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Zheng Wang Ph.D. Ji Zhang Ph.D. Wei Wei Ph.D. Di Zhou M.D. Haibo Luo Ph.D. Xiaogang Chen Ph.D. Yiping Hou Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(3):702-706
In the forensic science community, microRNA (miRNA) profiling has started to be explored as an alternative tool for body fluid identification. Several origins of body fluid can be distinguished by measuring differential expression patterns of particular miRNAs. However, most of reported saliva miRNAs are nonoverlapping and debatable. The aim of this study was to develop a strategy of identifying saliva using miRNA biomarkers for forensic purpose. Eight miRNA candidates were selected to examine expression abundance in forensically relevant body fluids using hydrolysis probes quantitative real‐time PCR (TaqMan qPCR). Results revealed that none of them was truly saliva specific, and only miR‐200c‐3p, miR‐203a, and miR‐205‐5p were higher or more moderate expression in saliva. A stepwise strategy that combines each of three miRNAs with different body fluid‐specific miRNAs was developed, and three miRNA combinations could effectively differentiate saliva from other body fluids. 相似文献
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《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2013,4(1):e127-e128
Numerous studies have demonstrated the ability to identify the body fluid of origin of forensic biological stains using messenger (mRNA) profiling. However, the size of the amplification product used in these assays (100–400 bases) may not be ideal for use with environmentally degraded samples. MiRNA profiling represents a potential alternative to mRNA profiling, since the small size of the miRNAs (∼22 bases) might still permit their detection in degraded stains. Previously, we reported the first study involving the forensic use of microRNA (miRNA) profiling, which required screening of 452 candidates. Since our initial screening, hundreds of novel miRNAs have been identified. We have therefore evaluated additional miRNA candidates to further improve the sensitivity and specificity of the body fluid assays. Consequently we have expanded our body fluid identification panel to include 18 miRNAs (comprising 5 original and 13 novel miRNAs). This panel permits the identification of all forensically relevant body fluids and, uniquely, includes miRNAs for the identification of skin.Using normalized miRNA expression data, we constructed body fluid specific binary logistic regression models to permit an accurate identification of the body fluid of interest. Using the developed models, we have obtained 100% accuracy in predicting the body fluid of interest. 相似文献
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影响allo-HSCT受者DNA嵌合率的因素有很多:如受者的疾病类型、移植前预处理方案、移植时病情的严重程度、造血干细胞来源、局部的GVHD、HLA是否相合等。本文主要讨论与法医学关系最为密切的2个影响因素,即移植后时间和检测方法的灵敏度。法医物证学工作者在检案实践中,对allo-HSCT受者进行亲权鉴定或个体识别时,需注意移植后时间和检测方法的灵敏度对嵌合率的影响。女性受者接受男性供者HSCT的情况下,受者毛囊中可以检出供者Y染色体DNA,检案实践中来源于犯罪现场的生物检材不能仅仅检测Y染色体特异遗传标记,以免导致错误判断。 相似文献
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《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2013,4(1):e148-e149
Micro-RNA (miRNA) based analysis of body fluids and composition of complex crime stains has recently been introduced as a potential and powerful tool to forensic genetics. Analysis of miRNA analysis has several advantages over mRNA but reliable miRNA detection and quantification using quantitative PCR requires a solid and forensically relevant normalization strategy. In our study we evaluated a panel of 12 carefully selected reference genes for their suitability as endogenous controls in miRNA qPCR normalization in forensically relevant settings. We analyzed assay performances and variances in venous blood, semen, menstrual blood, saliva and vaginal secretion and mixtures thereof integrating highly standardized protocols with contemporary methodologies and included several well established computational algorithms.Based on these empirical results, we recommend normalization to the group of RNU24, RNU43, and RNU66, as this signature exhibits the most stable expression levels and the least expected variation among the evaluated candidate reference genes in forensically relevant body fluids. To account for the lack of consensus on how best to perform and interpret quantitative PCR experiments, our study's documentation is according to MIQE guidelines, defining the “minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments”. 相似文献