构建电子政府需回应的几个现实问题

通过电子政务与电子政府的差异性比较可知,电子政府是电子政务发展的目标和结果。当前制约电子政务发展的瓶颈因素主要有:思想认识误区,电子政务发展不平衡和数字鸿沟呈加大趋势。实现电子政务与电子政府有机对接的对策是:加强电子政务运行所需各项指标建设,加大力度解决数字鸿沟问题和加强公务员能力培训等。     

简论数字鸿沟对民主的负向作用

信息技术的运用及发展在国与国之间和国家内部是不均衡的,主要的问题便是数字鸿沟问题。数字鸿沟是当代信息社会中一个普遍的、愈演愈烈的世界性问题,给社会带了来诸多问题,对于民主的负向作用更是不容忽视。要解决数字鸿沟问题,正确看待数字鸿沟是首先要面对的问题。     

网络民主的乌托邦因素与非乌托邦前景——网络民主发展中的制约因素与对策思考

20世纪90年代末以来,网络民主在中国兴起并获得初步的发展。网络民主蓬勃发展的过程中面临着许多问题,如数字鸿沟、制度供给不足与失序化、网民的非理性化与过度娱乐化等问题,成为影响网络民主健康发展的制约因素。对此,要不断消弭数字鸿沟,促进网络民主的平等化;尽力打造电子政府,促进网络民主的制度化;缔造网络公民,促进民主参与的理性化;实行法律道德兼治,促进网络民主的秩序化。     

网络政治参与影响地方政府治理的路径和限度

网络政治参与在中国发展迅速,它从三个方面影响着地方政府治理:激发地方政府的问题意识,影响地方政府治理中的议程设置;促进公共政策的执行,影响地方政府治理中的公共政策制定;增强对干部权力的监督,影响地方政府治理中的干部行为。但是,在网络政治参与中的数字鸿沟、群体极化和地方政府面临的双重压力、官员的自利性与有限理性,也削弱网络政治参与对地方政府治理的影响程度。     

数字鸿沟的政治学思考——以发展中国家为例

网络的勃兴正在打破传统社会的政治、经济和文化障碍 ,推动人类社会不断进步。然而 ,随着网络化进程的不断深入 ,数字鸿沟日益凸显出来 ,危及发展中国家的政治现代化 ,抑制民主政治的发展 ,对国家安全造成冲击。为此 ,发展中国家必须以积极的姿态迎接数字鸿沟的挑战 ,立足本国国情 ,借鉴和利用别国的先进成果和有益经验 ,制定切实可行的政策措施 ,推进社会信息化进程 ,化数字鸿沟为数字机遇。     

数字全球化与数字中国建设因应之策

数字经济是全球未来发展方向,其发展态势愈发强劲,规模与日俱增,已然成为缓解全球经济压力、经济复苏与增长的重要驱动。数字经济和数字全球化正在深刻演进,具体表现在数据驱动数字经济全球化的社会化扩大再生产,推动经济高质量发展,培育发展新竞争优势等方面。数字全球化面临诸多新挑战,国际数字鸿沟制约发展、数字产业化基础存在薄弱项、产业数字化进程遇困受阻等都不同程度地迟滞了数字全球化步伐。为做好数字全球化新挑战与新机遇应对,国家数字化战略政策着力点应聚焦在融入数字全球化价值链,推进数字产业化基础高级化,抓住产业数字化主线等方面,落实好分阶段推进数字中国建设宏图。     

网络民主对政府回应的影响和对策研究

网络民主是一把"双刃剑",对政府回应既产生积极影响,如培养了政府回应理念,创新了政府回应手段,扩大了政府回应范围;同时,也对政府回应产生了一定的消极影响,表现为网络民主中非理性因素的存在影响着政府回应内容,互联网和电子政府的发展问题束缚着政府回应能力,政治和政策的应对态度和策略制约着政府回应效率,数字鸿沟现象的长期存在阻碍着政府回应的公平性等。因此,必须提高网络民主加强政府回应,具体来说,可从以下四方面着手:加强网络立法,规范网络秩序;加强网络伦理道德建设,提高网民素质;加强政府治理,畅通政府与公众之间沟通渠道;加强网络基础设施建设,扩大网络民主的范围。     

数字时代的宪法监督：一种价值维护机制

数字时代的宪法监督本质上仍然是一种价值维护机制。数字技术的发展让算法产生了类似法律的规制作用，这种规制作用加深了政府公权力对基本权利的干预程度，同时让大型公司和平台成为了事实上的社会性权力。然而，算法自身的规制功能和法律层面的监督无法克服公权力和社会性权力运行中产生的“数字鸿沟”“算法歧视”“信息茧房”等问题，解决这些问题仍然需要宪法层面的监督。数字时代的宪法监督要维护社会主义原则和基本权利客观价值秩序，以特定问题调查权和合宪性问题专项报告机制为制度依托，实现宪法监督从针对文本的合宪性审查到全方位监督的转变。     

政府治理数字化的时代课题探讨

数字化时代开启了政府治理方式的转型与变革。数字化力求政府治理理念、流程管控与运行机制的全面革新,力求以智能计算为政府治理现代化提供技术支撑与科学依据。当前,我国政府治理数字化仍存在新的数字技术与政府架构体系的适配风险、数字化政府治理与公众参与的效能差异、数字鸿沟的非正义性与数据精度失真引发决策风险等现实问题。政府治理现代化的实现要正视数字化技术的影响,以数字化作为目标和路径。为此,政府治理数字化要积极化解数字化技术与政府架构之间的适配风险,推动多元主体的数字化协同治理与良性互动,通过跨界合作实现技术与治理领域的有效沟通。     

数字乡村建设的原则、问题及路径——以西部欠发达地区为例

数字乡村建设是数字经济赋能农业农村现代化发展，持续提供乡村振兴动力引擎的战略选择。区域差异、目标偏离和主体差异是西部欠发达地区数字乡村建设客观上存在的问题。推进西部欠发达地区的数字乡村建设，需要注意区域性差异、注重分类性要求、重视主体性培育，采取理念创新、因地制宜、逐步推进等方式，坚持以特色产业发展为引领，充分激发农民内生动力，不断弥合城乡数字鸿沟，着力构建数字乡村建设共同体之路。     

四川信息产业发展的现状和存在的问题

本文针对电子信息产业发展中存在的问题,分析了制约四川电子信息产业发展的"瓶颈",运用宏观经济学产业经济学和风险投资的基本理论,提出发展四川电子信息产业风险投资的对策建议.     

发展四川电子信息产业风险投资的对策

在IT时代 ,电子信息产业风险投资具有特别重要的意义。本文对发展电子信息产业风险投资的几个关键问题进行了思考 ,提出了构建四川电子信息产业风险投资发展结构体系的四个思路     

产业政策的制订与战略性产业的选择

产业政策是一种政府行为,是政府为了促进、引导、保护或限制某些产业发展的各种政策措施的总和.在市场经济条件下,产业政策的作用主要是纠正市场失灵,弥补市场缺陷.产业政策的重点是对战略性产业进行扶持和保护.我国现阶段宜将能源、技术密集型的机械装备制造业、以信息技术为先导的高新技术产业和高技术武器装备研发与制造业作为战略性产业.     

IT WORKERS SHORTAGE: Implications for Education Policy

This article examines the information technology (IT) worker shortage by comparing the rate of salary increase for IT workers from 1995 to 1998 to the rate of inflation for those same years. Findings show that the median salary for IT workers has increased at twice the rate of inflation. Universities and businesses form partnerships to develop innovative products. Continuous innovation has meant that both industry and universities require workers, students and faculty to continuously change their skill sets. At every point as technology changes there is a shortage of the newest combination of required skill sets. A recommendation is made to change education strategy so IT workers have easier access to continuous education via the Internet, funded by their employers.     

Who has turned the project management lights on? A comparative analysis of transportation and information technology in US state governments

We provide a comparative analysis of capital project management for major transportation and information technology (IT) acquisitions in US state governments, focusing on the use of earned value management (EVM). Results indicate that most states have adopted basic reforms, such as establishing project management offices and developing guidelines based on industry standards. However, fewer have implemented reforms with more teeth to them, such as centralized oversight and EVM. We find that states with greater spending are more likely to use EVM but that it is more commonly prescribed for IT than transportation.     

Traveling AI-essentialism and national AI strategies: A comparison between South Korea and France

In this paper, I investigate what common discourses National AI Strategies (NAISs) share and how they have unfolded differently in diverging national contexts. For this purpose, I compare the South Korean and French cases by relying on the notions of sociotechnical imaginary and future essentialism. I analyze (1) the emergence of the common discourses, which I call AI-essentialism, over the past decade; (2) the development of imaginaries around IT in Korea and France in the twentieth century, namely technological developmentalism and the American challenge, respectively; and (3) the integration of the traveling AI-essentialism and nationally embedded imaginaries of IT into each country's NAISs. The analysis indicates that: (1) AI-essentialism incorporated discursive strategies, enabling political and industrial leaders to naturalize AI development, hence justifying increased investments in the field; (2) two countries' imaginaries of IT diverged due to the successes and failures throughout the second half of the twentieth century; and (3) while two countries' NAISs share AI-essentialism's discursive instruments, their specific measures and unfolding have varied in relation to each case's existing imaginaries of IT.     

依法加强反分裂斗争 推进西藏的长治久安

西藏的反分裂斗争由来已久,当前我们同达赖集团及支持他们的国际敌对势力的斗争仍然尖锐复杂,然而,国家现有的法律法规与西藏反分裂斗争的现实法律需求不相适应,西藏自治地方在遵守国家法律基本原则的前提下,尽快出台反分裂地方性法规,是十分必要。同时,应大力提高西藏自治地方各族人民的法律素养,夯实反分裂斗争的法律思想基础,对于进一步推动西藏从基本稳定走向长治久安具有十分重要的意义。     

Whole‐of‐Government Approaches to Outsourcing and Market Testing by the Commonwealth Government

This article traces the development of approaches to outsourcing by successive Australian governments from 1995. The analysis focuses on strategies initially adopted for the outsourcing of government information technology (IT) services and, subsequently, includes the market testing approach adopted for the outsourcing of both IT and corporate services. The framework for analysis has been based on theories of privatisation developed by Feigenbaum, Henig and Hamnett (1999). This framework offers insights into the goals and strategies employed by commonwealth government that underpin their approaches to sourcing of services for their public sector. The article concludes by discussing some of the unresolved issues associated with the failure of government to formally evaluate the impact of their outsourcing policies.     

Innovation strategies for the adoption of new information technology in government: an Australian experience

Adopting and diffusing new technology, creating user awareness and managing organizational innovation effectively are major tasks for contemporary organizations. In large-scale organizations, with centralized information technology (IT) environments, the tasks of technology evaluation, IT change and diffusion require considerable coordinating efforts. The article recounts the experience of a large-scale public organization in managing work-process innovation and the adoption of IT options that could be adequately cost-justified. Such options need, at least, to encourage users to simultaneously learn to utilize IT to improve current practices and to embrace entirely new functions.     

IS Success and Failure—The Problem of Scale

In the midst of Implementing Electronic Government (IEG), the almost knee-jerk reaction of our political elite seems to be to embrace hugely ambitious Information Systems (IS) solutions to public-sector operations. Problem after problem has been viewed as solvable by throwing some big IT at it. However hindsight and a wealth of evidence and examples shows that overly large-scale public-sector IT projects do not work and persistently end in failure and costly waste. In this article we consider IT projects 'failures' and the combination of social and technical factors that contribute. We illustrate our argument with more detailed reference to the Connecting for Health agenda, part of the NHS National Programme for IT. We suggest 'think local, think modular' to build on good practice and advocate use of the government's own 2004 eGovernment Interoperability Framework (eGIF) to learn lessons from past IT project catastrophes.