The Dynamics of Multi-organizational Partnerships: an Analysis of Changing Modes of Governance

Multi-organizational partnerships are now an important means of governing and managing public programmes. They typically involve business, community and not-for-profit agencies alongside government bodies. Partnerships are frequently contrasted with competitive markets and bureaucratic hierarchies. A more complex reality is revealed once partnerships as an organizational form are distinguished from networks as a mode of social co-ordination or governance. Data from studies of UK urban regeneration partnerships are used to develop a four-stage partnership life cycle: pre-partnership collaboration; partnership creation; partnership programme delivery; and partnership termination. A different mode of governance - network, market or hierarchy - predominates at each stage. Separating organizational form from mode of governance enables a richer understanding of multi-organizational activity and provides the basis from which theory and practice can be developed. The key challenge for partnerships lies in managing the interaction of different modes of governance, which at some points will generate competition and at other points collaboration.     

粤台高科技产业合作模式及其影响因素研究

全球经济结构调整刺激了海峡两岸产业转型升级，扩大内需政策为两岸共同寻找产业突破口提供了重要支撑，而粤台经贸交流层次与水平的持续提升则为粤台高科技产业提供了更具想象力的合作空间。综合运用区域产业合作相关理论，从参与合作的企业角度可以将粤台高科技产业合作模式划分为授权合作、异业合作、卫星联盟、在地联盟、营销合作、代工合作和外包合作等七种主要类型。这些合作模式受到政策环境、企业组织和合作风险等因素影响，需要采取针对性的政策措施，以促进粤台高科技产业合作的持续性发展。     

Complex Social Organization: Multiple Organizing Modes, Structural Incongruence, and Mechanisms of Integration

This article conceptualizes and analyses a type of complex social organization consisting of heterogeneous organizing modes and social relationships, combining, for instance, relationships making up markets and hierarchies as well as various types of informal networks. Each mode is constituted and regulated on the basis of a system of social rules making up a particular normative order and operates in terms of its own particular rationality or social logic. When modes are combined or integrated into multi-institutional complexes or organizations, the resultant structure entails zones of incongruence and tension at the junctures or interfaces of the different organizing modes and social relationships. The article identifies a number of such incongruent organizing modes that are common in complex social organizations or inter- institutional complexes. It goes on to identify several of the institutional strategies and arrangements including rituals, non-task-oriented discourses, and mediating roles that actors develop and institutionalize in dealing effectively with incongruences and potential conflicts in complex, heterogeneous organizations. The article suggests that problems of structural incongruence - and the tensions and conflicts that arise in connection with it as well as responses to these - are major features of complex organizational and inter-institutional arrangements. Moreover, it suggests that social order - the shaping of congruent, meaningful experiences - in these complex organizations as in most social life builds on non-rational foundations such as rituals and non-instrumental discourses. These contribute to maintaining social order and to providing a stable context, even for rational decision-making and action.     

当代中国村民自治以来的乡村治理模式问题

研究中国村民自治以来的乡村治理模式问题需要注意三条线索,即成本—收益线索,权力—权利线索,传统—现代线索,三条线索构成了一个影响(推进或阻碍)乡村治理进程的作用框架。任何试图以单一模式涵盖中国乡村治理问题的努力都将是不全面的。根据在双向民主化进程基础上实现"自治精神"的原则,应尊重乡村民众的自主权和自发创造能力,自下而上推进民主治理进程,使其与自上而下的治理进程相平衡,由"治民"传统走向现代"民治",以期形成多面相的乡村治理局面。     

Emerging Powers and Africa:A Comparison of Modes of Engagement Pursued by China,India and Brazil

The world has seen a relative power shift from the North to the South.The leading emerging states like China have taken up an increasingly commanding role in global economic affairs in response to the trauma experienced by Western industrialized states.Over the last decade and a half emerging powers have made significant inroads into previously the"bastion"of Western political and economic dominance,resulting in a diversifying external actors involved in African economy with much of this interaction bein...     

Modes of transition and the timing of separatist war onset: a comparative analysis of South Ossetia and Kosovo

This paper compares the escalation of civil war in South Ossetia and Kosovo and shows how different modes of transition deeply influenced the timing and type of conflict in these two cases. It argues that regimes resulting from a transition from above – when the elite in power leads the process of regime change and imposes its political agenda on other social actors – are more likely to ensure political stability in the short term, since governments are more cohesive internally, enjoy the support of the military, and can rely on a loyal bureaucracy. In contrast, regimes that emerge from transitions from below are more likely to experience civil war with an ethnic minority in the short term because of an intrinsic weakness of the elite in power. Under these circumstances, the newcomers need to win the loyalty of the military and of the bureaucracy, and separatist groups can take advantage of the incumbents’ weaknesses and try to build resources to militarily challenge the state.     

印度人民院大选情况初析

印度号称世界上最大的民主国家，拥有11.5亿人口和数千个政党。问及印度任何一个政党负责人：最重要的事情是什么？对方必然回答：选举。若问：最重要的选举是什么？答案一定是：人民院大选。印度人民院相当于议会下院，是国家主要立法机构，主要职能包括制定法律和修改宪法、调控联邦政府收支、对联邦政府提出不信任案，     

中国共产党百年建设实践的科学化发展

中国共产党百年奋斗实践构成一部党的建设科学化发展的历史。把科学化要求植入党的建设,事关马克思主义党建思想的中国化、事关党的建设的与时俱进、事关对马克思主义执政党建设规律的认识和把握、事关党的建设思想向实践的转化,意义十分重大。党的百年建设实践在科学化轨道发展,马克思主义政党的生命力随着党的建设科学化水平的不断提高而日益旺盛。坚持科学化的建设逻辑,驱动着中国共产党在加强自身建设的探索过程中收获了丰硕的理论成果。中国共产党百年建设实践科学化发展积淀的理论和实践成果是一笔宝贵财富,是党团结和带领中国人民在新长征路上砥砺奋进的巨大资源优势。     

预防未成年人犯罪的基本点：提升父母教育素质

在未成年人犯罪的家庭影响因素中,一个不容忽视的问题是父母教育素质的缺陷。由于父母失职或教育不当,孩子身心健康受到伤害,厌学、逃学、沉迷刚络、离家出走、直至走上犯罪道路的越来越多。造成父母教育素质缺陷的原因主要是：家长自身学习不足、家庭教育指导执行不力、社会舆论引导偏颇。应当把父母教育素质提升作为预防未成年人犯罪的基本点,重视家庭教育指导,着力强化依法履行父母职责、尊重和保护儿童权利的理念;引导家长自我教育,着力促进父母与孩子共同成长。父母教育素质的提升,将让更多的家庭、更多的孩子从中受益,使预防未成年人犯罪工作产生更大的社会效益。     

结构视野下的新型毒品使用行为研究

新型毒品作为娱乐场所药物，它的使用体现年轻化、大众流行与集体狂欢的娱乐特点。吸毒是个体在制度压力下的不恰当选择，与无业空虚、职业需要、社会交往、逃避现实等需求有关；应该通过促进就业、认清危害与树立健康的娱乐交往方式等治理办法减少吸毒行为的发生。     

数百万“网瘾少年”现象引发的思考

今年8月28日,在十一届全国人大常委会第四次会议上,全国人大常委会副委员长、秘书长李建国代表全国人大常委会执法检查组作关于检查<未成年人保护法>实施情况的报告时披露了一个惊人的数字,那就是目前我国约有4000万未成年网民,其中"网瘾少年"占10%左右.     

药家鑫案死刑适用分析

药家鑫案的死刑适用符合我国刑法第48条所规定的“罪行极其严重”的死刑适用标准。成立激情杀人的关键要件在于被害人的严重过错，不能随意扩大激情杀人的内涵。同时，存在自首情节并不意味着必然获得从轻处罚，少杀慎杀的死刑控制政策并不排除对罪行极其严重的犯罪分子适用死刑。     

我国未成年人犯罪刑事责任立法之展望——以《国内法与国际法下的未成年人刑事责任决议》为视角

《国内法与国际法下的未成年人刑事贡任决议》（以下简称《决议》）对未成年人刑事责任原则的正当理由和年龄的划分以及制裁提出了新的建议，代表了当今世界关于未成年人刑事责任发展趋势的展望。我国刑法关于未成年人刑事责任的规范与《国内法与国际法下的未成年人刑事责任决议》存在一定的差异。本文检讨了中国现行刑法关于未成年犯罪刑事责任规定与《国内法与国际法下的未成年人刑事责任决议》的不吻合之处，并对我国未成年人犯罪刑事责任立法模式、刑事责任年龄、制裁措施提出了完善建议。     

未成年被告人主观恶性考量系统建构——以“望、闻、切、问”四诊法判断机制为核心

少年审判中的刑事和解制度，是针对承认基本犯罪事实、愿意补偿损害、修复被破坏社会关系即主观恶性较小的未成年被告人提供的一种恢复性司法制度，适用该制度的两大前提之一是对未成年被告人主观恶性的判断。本文在总结审判实践的基础上，提出了判断未成年被告人主观恶性的“望、闻、切、问”四诊法，并以此判断机制为核心，构建了未成年被告人主观恶性考量系统，即主观恶性的判断机制、主观恶性判断效度的验证机制、主观恶性判断的监督机制和主观恶性判断的保障机制，以期能够提高主观恶性判断的效度，充分发挥刑事和解制度的作用。     

试论实现法治目标的三大基本条件

法治目标的实现,必须具备三个方面的基本条件.在观念意识方面,包括公民要具备"善法"与"恶法"的价值观和判断能力,覆盖于全社会的法的统治意识和法律至上的观念以及全社会权利文化的形成;在制度设计方面,包括权力的控制与制衡,权力与责任的一致,权利义务一致性基础上的平等、个人自由与社会自由系统的健全与协调;在技术操作方而,包括法治的统一,法律的效力,司法的中立和独立以及法律职业共同体的建立.     

刑法修正案（七）第八条解析

根据对刑法修正案（七）第八条的解析，尽管组织未成年人实施违反治安管理活动罪中的盗窃、诈骗、抢夺等行为是由不具有刑事责任能力的未成年人完成，但由于本罪侵犯的犯罪客体主要是未成年人的合法权益和社会管理秩序，盗窃、诈骗、抢夺等行为也被限定为违反治安管理处罚法，因此，本罪的犯罪主体不可能构成间接正犯。同时本罪的犯罪性质也决定了一旦“组织”行为中的暴力胁迫等行为超过一定限度、造成了未成年人不应有的伤害或死亡结果，应当按照牵连犯的处罚原则进行处理，而不能依照转化犯、包容犯等来处理。     

The Welfare Effects of Balance of Payments Reform: A Micro-Macro Simulation of the Cost of Rent-Seeking

This article proposes a methodology for analysing the effect of balance of payments liberalisation on measures of poverty and distribution and applies it to the case of Jamaica in the 1990s. The methodology consists of a macro-micro simulation in which a CGE model provides labour market outcomes, which in turn are used to manipulate the sectoral allocation of employment to generate the income distribution consistent with the new labour market outcome. In the application to Jamaica, we find that the reallocation of resources away from rent-seeking activities in the presence of exchange controls is significant and has large macroeconomic effects. Opening up of the current account has little effect on poverty, but liberalisation of the capital account reduces poverty, especially amongst the very poor. Neither policy change taken separately, nor the combination of the two, has more than a negligible effect on the distribution of income.