硒和维生素E与柔嫩艾美球虫感染的关系

选择 1日龄蛋用公鸡 72只 ,随机分为 6组 ,每组 12只。第Ⅰ～Ⅳ组鸡从 1日龄起在日粮中分别添加维生素E 5 6 .3、5 7.4、5 9.6、6 1.8mg/kg和硒 0 .93、1.0 3、1.2 3、1.4 3mg/kg ,第Ⅴ组为感染无添加剂组 ,第Ⅵ组为不感染无添加剂组 ,饲喂基础日粮 (含维生素E 4 8mg/kg和硒 0 .6mg/kg) 。至 2 1日龄时 ,第Ⅰ～Ⅴ组鸡口服接种柔嫩艾美球虫孢子化卵囊 ,1× 10 5个 /只 ,接种后观察感染鸡的状况。结果 ,第Ⅰ～Ⅵ组鸡平均增重分别为 2 2 .0、2 3.8、35 .2、39.2、8.9和 4 7.5 g ;病变值为 2 8、2 4、2 4、2 5、30和 0 ;1g粪便的卵囊数分别为 0 .17× 10 6 、0 .12× 10 6 、0 .0 9× 10 6 、0 .11× 10 6 、0 .2 1× 10 6 和 0个。提示 ,在日粮中添加维生素E和硒能提高鸡体的免疫力 ,增强鸡对球虫的抵抗力。     

健康畜禽血浆中β—胡萝卜素及维生素A的测定

有关健康鸡、牛、猪和羊血中β-胡萝卜素及维生素A的测定结果,我们尚未见正式报道。为给鸡、牛、猪和羊维生素A缺乏症的诊断、防治,维生素添加剂的合理使用,最佳日粮配方及维生素代谢的研究提供科学依据,我们对部分健康罗曼肉鸡、京白蛋鸡、奶牛、长白猪和奶山羊血浆中β-胡萝卜素及维生素A的含量进行了初步测定。     

猪硒-维生素E缺乏病的研究

动物硒-维生素E缺乏病又称白肌病。在国外发现较早,据B.A.(1955)报告,该病于1886年已在瑞典、挪威等国广泛流行。关于病因问题长期未获解决,许多学者认为白肌病是一种营养性疾病,特别是饲料中缺乏蛋白质、矿物质(包括微量元素)及维生素(包括维生素E)能引起发病,也曾有人认为有生物因素的影响,如(1964)仍认为饲喂霉败饲料是主要病因。1957年Petterson,E.L.和Schwarz,K.等     

日粮中维生素D3含量对笼养蛋鸡骨矿含量及骨显微结构的影响

将 175只 10周龄伊莎蛋鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E共 5组 ,分别在每千克饲料中添加维生素D3(VD3) 0、10 0、2 0 0、5 0 0和 10 0 0IU ,试验期 10周。试验期间每隔 2周测定骨矿含量。试验开始及结束时杀鸡取胫骨 ,进行组织学检查。试验结束时 ,A、B、C、D、E组骨矿总平均值分别为0 .6 6 8g/cm2 ± 0 .0 82g/cm2 、0 .6 79g/cm2 ± 0 .10 2g/cm2 、0 .6 92g/cm2 ± 0 .10 3g/cm2 和 0 .6 6 8g/cm2 ± 0 .0 81g/cm2 、0 .6 47g/cm2 ± 0 .0 79g/cm2 。C组骨矿含量显著高于A、D、E组 (P <0 .0 5 )。骨组织学检查亦显示 ,试验开始时 ,青年蛋鸡皮质骨、骨小梁正常 ;试验结束时 ,低VD3组和高VD3组皮质骨都出现了不同程度吸收腔增多的现象 ,且严重程度与VD3缺乏或过量程度呈正相关性。试验结果表明 ,青年蛋鸡日粮中添加适宜剂量的VD3,可增加骨量 ,维持良好的骨结构。     

家禽血清中维生素E含量的测定

随着兽医学的不断发展,人们对维生素在畜禽体内的作用越来越重视,并力求以体液中维生素含量的变化为诊断畜禽某些疾病的指标。笔行测定了鸡鸭鹅血清中维生素E的正常值,作为禽病研究工作的参考。 (一)材料与方法 取临床检查健康、营养良好的地方品种鸡、鸭、鹅,从翅静脉采血,经2000转/分离心,分离血清。依据维生素E能与22′-联吡啶及三氯化铁起显色反应的原理,将家禽血清与无水乙醇及二甲苯作用,提取维生素E。尔后在提取液里先加22′-联吡啶和三氯化铁显色剂,分别在460nm和520nm     

日粮VE在低硒饲养雏鸡体内的分布规律及其与硒代谢的关系研究

本文通过在低硒基础日粮中添加不同水平的维生素E饲喂雏鸡,对维生素正在低硒饲养雏鸡体内的含量和分布规律及其与硒代谢的关系进行了研究,结果表明,日粮维生素E水平可直接影响雏鸡血液和组织维生素E含量,血液和组织维生素E含量间呈良好的正相关关系,维生素正在低硒饲养雏鸡各组织器官的含量依次为肝脏>血液>胰腺>肌肉>脑。在本实验的条件,低硒日粮添加维生素E能影响血硒含量,但组织硒含量则不受日粮维生素E水平的影响。     

锌与维生素A对隐孢子虫感染小鼠免疫功能的影响

为探讨锌和维生素A对隐孢子虫感染小鼠免疫功能的影响,将75只清洁级昆明小鼠随机分成5组,各组均饲喂基础日粮。其中Ⅰ组和Ⅴ组不添加锌和维生素A,Ⅱ组以饮水方式添加锌(38.5μmol/mL),Ⅲ组以灌喂的方法添加维生素 A(400 IU/只),Ⅳ组添加锌和维生素 A,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组均在试验开始时灌喂小型隐孢子虫卵囊( 2.56×106/mL),Ⅴ组作为不接种对照。试验结果,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组小鼠的粪便排卵量和排卵持续时间分别显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);在试验的第 2 周和试验结束时,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组小鼠血液中CD4、CD8细胞百分率以及CD4/CD8比值均极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。表明,锌和维生素A均能够增强小鼠的细胞免疫功能,提高机体抗隐孢子虫感染的能力。     

复方免疫增强剂对鸡新城疫和传染性腔上囊病疫苗免疫效果的影响

以黄芪、灵芝等中药与左旋咪唑、维生素E组成2种复方免疫增强剂A方和B方,I组雏鸡用A方拌料饲喂,Ⅱ组雏鸡用B方给予颈部皮下注射;检测了7、14、28和54 d的ND-HI值;54 d的IBD-AGP值;7 d和28 d的免疫器官指数;并检测了Ⅱ组46 d的外周血淋巴细胞活性.结果显示,2种制剂均在不同程度上提高ND和IBD疫苗的免疫反应,促进免疫器官的发育,增强了T淋巴细胞的活性.     

维生素E可抗亚硝酸盐中毒

亚硝酸盐中毒多发生于猪,其次是牛、羊。其临床特点是起病突然、经过短急、粘膜发绀、呼吸困难、很快倒地昏迷、窒息死亡,死前放血或死后剖检,血液呈酱油色。对该病的治疗,主要用亚甲蓝、维生素C解救,使高铁血红蛋白还原为血红蛋白,以恢复其携氧的功能。本实验主要用维生素E对抗亚硝酸盐的氧化作用,达到解毒的目的,收到     

鸡维生素A缺乏症的诊断和防治

维生素A是一种脂溶性不稳定的初级醇,它是家禽生长、适当视力和粘膜完整性所必需的物质。家禽对维生素A的需要量为每市斤日粮中约需1500～2000国际单位,如长期低于此需要量,便会出现维生素A缺乏症。家禽日常维生素A的主要来源是鱼肝油、玉米、胡萝卜、苜蓿草及各种青菜等。 我队饲养来航鸡62只,所喂饲料,每年除6～12月份补充青菜、萝卜等青饲料外,在1～5月份喂的全是小麦、糌粑、麸皮等。从1978年的4月下旬开始,该鸡群陆续发现     

Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir in theory and practice

This article argues there is a need for a more nuanced analysis of terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir than has been available so far. First, the popular legitimacy of violent groups has little bearing on their operation. Rather, the keys to the intensity of terrorist activity are held by Pakistan's military establishment. Second, the supposedly secular-nationalist movement of the early 1990s was in fact deeply Islamist in character; there has been a greater unity of thought underpinning terrorism than the literature admits. Finally, the article argues, the operation of terrorism needs to be read not simply in the limited context of Jammu and Kashmir, but as part of a larger South Asian crisis of identity.     

Institutional divergence and convergence in the Asia-Pacific? ASEAN in practice and in theory

This paper gives attention to the geopolitics related to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as an alternative model of regionalism in theory and practice. Offering a rough periodization of ASEAN in IR theory, it considers interacting theoretical and empirical developments, and their geopolitics as one way to think about, first, ASEAN, its defining dynamics and processes of change, and, second, ASEAN's relationship to a larger IR theory literature defined by US preoccupations and the institutional trajectory of the European Union. Three periods are considered: a Cold War period, when ASEAN norms and practices developed relatively insulated from great power expectations and theorizing about ASEAN was minimal; the 1990s, when constructivist theorizing encouraged new thinking about alternative institutional models; and the 2000s, a period characterized by correlating great power pressures and a ‘functional’ turn in academic and theoretical debates about ASEAN. Special attention is given to the United States as a major, leading actor in both world politics and the institutionalization of international relations as a discipline, as well as the possibilities and constraints of institutional divergence in theory and practice.     

Islam and politics in Europe and in Asia: Comparative reflections

This article compares the role of religion, and of Islam in particular, in politics in Europe and in South and South East Asia. It starts out with the policy dilemmas facing France, Europe's most secular country that also has Europe's largest immigrant Muslim community. After long debates nation-wide Muslim organisation is now sponsored by the state in order to strengthen moderate Islam in France. In contrast, explicit Christian parties are in decline in most of Europe. Those who are still electorally successful are Christian mostly in name only and have turned into centre-right conservative people's parties instead. Religious discourse in politics has hence vanished almost entirely in Europe. In difference in Asia Islamic opposition parties have managed to set increasingly the political agenda in the majority Islamic states. In those countries with an Islamic minority their public religious agitation serves to strengthen their ethnic minority identity. Meaningful bi-continental dialogue needs to be aware of this discrepancy in religious politics.     

经济继续衰退 改革面临困境——2002年拉美经济形势述评

20 0 2年 ,拉丁美洲和加勒比地区 (以下简称拉美地区 )的经济形势可以概括为 :经济继续衰退 ,改革面临困境。根据联合国拉美经济委员会最近发表的年度总结报告 ,拉美地区经济在上年仅增长 0 .4%的基础上 ,2 0 0 2年出现负增长 ( -0 .5% ) ,为最近 2 0年来首次出现负增长。人均国内生产总值 ( GDP)为 -1 .9%。阿根廷、乌拉圭和委内瑞拉的 GDP分别下降 1 1 %、1 0 .5%和 7% ,是衰退最严重的国家 ;秘鲁、多米尼加和厄瓜多尔 3国的增长率超过3 % ,算是拉美地区的佼佼者 ;其他国家的增长率都不到 3 % ,其中巴西和墨西哥两个地区大国分别只增长…     

Simultaneous in Growth and Different in Problems

Lu: On many occasions, politics and economy are in the same strain. Economic life is the only process that runs through history and undergoes environmental changes. World economy is the only world system. In today's world, the closer ties among various countries in e- conomy cause the complexity of political and foreign affairs. Last year's world economy took on a new feature. According to past experiences, when the economy in a region turns better, problems will usually arise in another regi…     

中印关系的回顾与展望

60年来,中印两国关系走过了一个不平坦的过程,大体上经历了"蜜月"期、冲突期、冷战期、解冻期、回暖期和加热期这样6个阶段。历史的经验教训说明,中印两国合则互利,斗则两伤,这已成为中印双方的共识。人们有理由相信,随着双方政治互信、经贸互惠、文化互通的日益加强,中印两国能够创造出共同繁荣的景象,能够为亚洲乃至世界和平作出重要贡献。     

明清小说《剪灯新话》在朝鲜和越南的传播

本文主要探讨明清小说《剪灯新话》在朝鲜的传播、影响及其本土化，并与《剪灯新话》在越南的传播进行宏观对比，探讨《剪灯新话》在朝鲜和越南的不同境遇。     

Party competition in emerging democracies: representation and effectiveness in post-communism and beyond

Competition among political parties is subject to two demands: representation and effectiveness. This poses a dilemma for democratization, as the political opening creates pressures for the representation of long-suppressed voices, but the strain of socio-economic transformation engenders pressures for greater effectiveness in building market economies and democratic polities. How do new democracies cope with this dilemma? This article extends the author's previously published work on party-system institutionalization by focusing explicitly on this problem, including on how electoral reforms affect the distinct pulls of representation and effectiveness. Based on data from eastern European and former Soviet states compared to western European and Latin American experiences during their initial periods of democratization, the evidence shows that the institutionalization of representation and effectiveness in post-communism is more hazardous. Politics in the post-communist region is characterized by numerous contending parties, weak political actors and floating constituencies. Volatility is not only higher in comparison to other regions but continues unabated during successive elections. These conditions contribute to the ‘ineffective representation’ evident in the relatively large share of wasted votes at each election, with significant sectors of the electorate left out from legislative representation. Electoral reforms reflect the twin pressures: changes in formula in the direction of proportional representation favour broader representation, but higher thresholds seeking greater effectiveness make more difficult entry into parliament. The resulting mechanical and strategic effects confirm the expected direction of the reforms, although the contrary pulls towards representation and effectiveness render difficult the stabilization of party competition.     

中日两国对东南亚基础设施投资的竞合及影响研究

在21世纪第二个十年,中国与日本在对东南亚基础设施投资方面展开激烈竞争和初步合作.相对而言,在甄选东南亚基础设施项目进行投资过程中,中国更加追求地缘政治目标,日本则凸显了浓重的重商主义色彩,这在某种程度上缓解了双方的直接竞争.在对东南亚基础设施投资中,中国更多地运用了一种政府驱动、需求引导、自上而下的方法,日本则主要采取了市场驱动、私营部门大力参与、自下而上的方法,这瓦解了双方合作的基础.目前,中国与日本对东南亚基础设施投资的合作只在第三方市场少量地展开.中日两国在东南亚基础设施投资方面的竞争是双方争夺地区影响力的一部分.但是,中国与日本在东南亚各国的基础设施投资竞争并不会造成东盟内部的分裂,相反,考虑到基础设施建设的非流动性,这必将造福于东南亚人民.