紫外反射照相显现指印与502胶熏显指印方法的比对

目的比较紫外反射照相与502胶熏显两种方法显现指印的成功率,确定在同等条件下优先使用那种显现方法。方法对玻璃、陶瓷、黑白照片上3种类型上的汗液指印,油脂指印和普通指印各100枚,分别用紫外反射拍照显现与502胶熏显,统计两者达到3等级以上的比例,来判断效果的好坏。结果紫外反射照相显现法在3种客体上显现的成功率高于502胶熏显法。结论实验结果为选择指印显现方法提供了科学依据。     

暗视场照明与分色照相配合显现指印

目的研究彩色光滑客体上指印的显现方法。方法用暗视场照明和分色照相配合的方法对4种彩色木板上指印进行了显现。结果实验结果表明了暗视场照明和分色照相方法能够有效显现出彩色光滑客体上的潜在指印。结论拓宽了暗视场照明显现指印的范围,同时为彩色光滑客体上指印的显现提供了一种新的方法。     

利用多波段光源及罗丹明6G染色新配方显现指印的方法

近年来,随着国外一些先进设备的引进和应用,使指纹显现水平提高到了一个新的水平,但如何充分发挥这些新设备和新技术的作用,使显现效果达到最佳状态,现正处于探索阶段,我们在实际工作中取得了一些成功的经验和方法,现阐述如下:以往显现非渗透性客体表面上潜在汗液指印,一般都采用502胶熏显的方法.但由于502胶熏显效果受温度、湿度、指纹新旧程度等主、客观条件的影响较大.因而熏显出的指印纹线,往往效果不理想,特别对于浅色客体上的指印即使吸附了“502”反差也较弱,不易拍照提取.     

“502”熏显指印染色提取新方法

潜手印的显现方法中,“502”熏显法是近年来广泛使用的方法。但由于“502”熏显出的指印纹线呈白色,在浅色、白色客体上显出的指印反差小,不易拍照提取;同时由于“502”聚合物本身的特性,直接提取“502”熏显指印成为一大难题。目前多采用龙胆紫、孔雀绿染色照相提取的方法。在实际工作中,这两种染色液对检材要求苛刻,并且缺少补救措施。经过大量实验,我们摸索成功碘染色方法。此法操作简便,染色灵敏,染色后的指印可进一步处理变色,亦可用胶纸提取,是“502”熏显指印的理想处理方法。     

光谱成像和传统光学方法增强光滑纸张上血指印的比较研究

目的 研究光谱成像和传统光学方法增强光滑纸张上(有复杂背景干扰的)血指印效果,比较这些方法的实际效果和消除背景的规律性及特点,便于有选择性的拍摄利用。方法 利用可见光定向反射(小偏角)配光照明方法照相;利用多光谱成像仪中的420~720 nm波段进行可见光多光谱成像方法照相,并进行影像分类和去混合处理;利用全波段CCD系统进行降温降噪恒温锁定、暗视场配光照明、254 nm短波紫外反射照相,分别对21种光滑纸张上的血指印样本进行拍摄采集。结果 得到了21种光滑纸张上的血指印不同程度的显现效果,其中利用可见光定向反射(小偏角)配光照明方法照相、可见光多光谱成像方法照相以及暗视场配光照明、254 nm短波紫外反射照相,消除21种血指印背景干扰后,使影像效果明显改善的分别约占19%、33%和66%。结论 利用不同光谱拍摄光滑纸张上(背景干扰状况下)的血指印,能各自消除某些特定背景干扰状况,能使得影像效果得到较好的改善,利用不同光谱拍摄光滑纸张上(背景干扰状况)的血指印具有各自的优缺点,可根据消除各种血指印背景干扰的实际效果来选择相应的光谱拍摄。     

远距定向反射照相法拍摄玻璃上烟层覆盖指印

远距离定向反射照相,是根据客体表面对光线的定向反射性质和指印痕迹物质对光线非定向反射性质的差异来显现光滑表面客体上微弱指印的有效方法.本文结合案例,介绍利用此方法拍摄提取的玻璃上烟层覆盖指印.1 现场检材的发现     

暗视场配光拍照指印的方法

暗视场照明的配光方法是让照明光线以比较小的入射角度照射到检材上 ,根据指印与客体背景对光线的不同反射特性 ,在垂直方向上记录两者不同亮度分布的一种配光方法。该方法对深色光滑客体上的无色汗液指印和油脂指印有很好的效果。为了得到小角度的入射光线 ,一方面应使光源紧贴相机镜头 ,另一方面应该使用中长焦的微距镜头来增加工作距离。由于平常拍照指纹使用的是 5 0mm的标准镜头和接圈 ,导致客体与镜头间的距离过近 ,获得小角度的入射光线非常困难。而入射角度是影响暗视场配光照明效果的最主要的因素之一 ,入射角度越小指印与客体的反…     

8种方法显现的汗潜指印STR分型研究

目的研究常见指印显现方法对指印STR检验的影响。方法采用Invisorb spin forensic试剂盒提取纯化人汗潜指印DNA,低拷贝模板(LCN)STR复合扩增,荧光电泳检验。结果用铜粉、铝粉、荧光粉、黑磁粉、"502"胶、茚三酮、磺酸双三嗪荧光显色液显现的玻片、纸张和胶带纸粘面上的汗潜指印可成功进行STR分型。结论常见指印显现方法不影响指印STR检验。     

掠入射提取指印、足迹在模糊图像处理系统中的应用

笔者通过实践,用数码相机采用掠入射方法拍照浅色客体上的微弱灰尘(或汗液)手印(或足迹),并结合模糊图像处理系统对所拍照片进行几何校正,成功解决了拍摄时所造成的角度与比例问题。1方法和步骤(1)将留有指印或足迹的浅色客体放置在物证翻拍架上(有些客体可先用“502”熏显,如纸盒等),用钨灯进行配光照明(或者采用自然光照明)。(2)倾斜观察,选择最佳拍摄视角,加比例尺拍摄固定。一般情况下,入射光线要和视线形成一定的夹角,才可看清所拍物证。(3)将所拍的照片以图片格式存入微机。一般情况下,图片格式以.jpg或者.bmp类型为主。打开名捕痕迹…     

502胶加湿熏显指印技术

本文通过实验研究建立了加湿502胶熏显方法,并为这种新方法设计制作了具有加湿控制、循环和自动/手动控制功能的502全自动指纹熏显柜。该熏显柜适合显现各类非渗透性物体上指印,其可鉴定指印显现率比常规502方法高21％,并且操作简便,显现结果稳定可靠。     

血尿肝中毒鼠强硅藻土提取GC／NPD检测法

目的建立硅藻土提取气相色谱测定血、尿、肝中毒鼠强的方法。方法原尿液、血液用水稀释、肝匀浆用6％高氯酸沉淀蛋白的上清液倒入硅藻土小柱中，血和尿用苯洗脱，肝用三氯甲烷洗脱，挥干洗脱液，用甲醇定容至0．1ml。结果血提取率98．4％，尿提取率95．6%，肝提取率98．1％。相对标准偏差低于3．2％，检出限低于20ng／ml（g）。结论该法简便、快速，提取率高，适合作为常规毒物分析方法。     

豚鼠过敏性休克肺组织中类胰蛋白酶和胃促胰酶的表达

目的观察豚鼠过敏性休克死亡肺组织中类胰蛋白酶和胃促胰酶的表达情况,试图为过敏性休克死亡提供客观的诊断依据。方法健康豚鼠24只,随机均分为实验组和对照组,每组再分死亡即时组、冷藏48h组和冷冻7d组,每组4只。实验组将0.5mL人混合血清用生理盐水1∶10稀释,注射于豚鼠后掌皮内,致敏后3周以人混合血清1mL注入心腔诱发过敏性休克致死;对照组采用生理盐水代替混合血清。提取豚鼠心血及肺组织,应用免疫组化染色和图像分析技术观察类胰蛋白酶和胃促胰酶的表达情况。结果对照组豚鼠肺组织中类胰蛋白酶和胃促胰酶阳性细胞数量较少,分布在小血管和小气管周围。实验组肺组织中类胰蛋白酶和胃促胰酶阳性细胞明显增多,多数细胞形态不规则,阳性染色颗粒脱出肥大细胞并弥散到组织间隙。冷藏48h和冷冻7d的条件下对这两种酶的表达无明显影响。结论过敏性休克致死豚鼠肺组织中类胰蛋白酶和胃促胰酶的表达明显增强,在冷藏48h和冷冻7d内的条件下,可作为过敏性休克死亡的一项诊断依据。     

Validation of the Seratec® SeraQuant™ for the quantitation of prostate-specific antigen levels on immunochromatographic membranes

Abstract: Use of immunochromatographic membranes for the detection of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) has become commonplace in forensic laboratories. Experiments were designed to test the newly developed Seratec^® SeraQuant? for accuracy, precision, and consistency in the quantitation of PSA. PSA standards were diluted with buffers and run on the instruments. Values obtained were examined for accuracy (was the correct value obtained?) and precision (were multiple sample values consistent?). To test for variation between instruments, large volumes of diluted PSA standard were run repeatedly on six units and the values obtained were plotted against the known PSA values to obtain a standard curve for each instrument. Fifty membranes having negative or weak positive results were then run on the six units, and the adjusted values were recorded and compared. Results of these experiments indicate that the instruments are accurate and precise in the quantitation of low levels of PSA.     

Is the Assessment of Dental Age by the Nolla Method Valid for Eastern Turkish Children?

The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the Nolla method is appropriate for Turkish children for the determination of the dental age (DA). A group of 719 children between the ages of 6 and 18 years were included in the study. DAs from orthopantograms by the Nolla method were estimated. The results obtained were compared with chronologic age (CA). Paired t and the Wilcoxon tests were performed. Both genders were underestimated in dental maturity when compared with the reference samples in total (-0.3 years) (p<0.01). The differences in girls were statistically significant in total and in all groups except for 7-7.9. The differences in boys between the CAs and DAs were not statistically significant in total and in all groups except for 7-7.9 and 8-8.9. Although the accuracy of this method was suitable for boys, according to our findings, it was not suitable for girls.     

A research note: the outcome of GC/MS/MS confirmation of hair assays on 93 cannabinoid (+) cases

This article reports the outcome of gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry confirmations for THC and carboxy-THC on 93 hair samples screened by RIA for cannabinoids. The samples were taken from probationers in Pinellas County, FL, who voluntarily provided the research staff with six hair and six urine specimens, collected at 1-month intervals. There were 40 samples that were RIA (+), urinalysis (−). Samples were selected which had cannabinoid (+) outcomes for hair, urine, or both. The THC and/or the carboxy-THC was (+) on confirmation. Of these 40 samples, 22 were (+) for both THC and carboxy-THC, 15 were (+) for THC but not carboxy-THC, and three were carboxy THC (+), but THC (−). Only one sample had a (+) RIA, but was (−) for both THC and carboxy-THC on confirmation. RIA detection of cannabinoids was confirmed in nearly all cases. Most cases that were RIA (−) but urine (+) were cannabinoid (+) when analyzed by GC/MS/MS.     

Trends in domestic animal medico-legal pathology cases submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory 1998-2010*

Abstract: Pathologists at veterinary diagnostic laboratories receive medico‐legal cases from a variety of animal species for postmortem examination. A search of computerized records of the Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada from 1998 to 2010 identified 1706 medicolegal cases. These were categorized according to the history as criminal investigations, anesthetic‐related deaths, insurance, litigation, malpractice cases, and regulatory cases. Statistically significant linear trends in the proportion of medicolegal cases for all animals and criminal cases for companion animals were identified over the 12 year period. Companion animals had significantly greater odds of being a medicolegal case in all categories except for insurance and regulatory cases, compared to noncompanion animals. Based on pathology reports for the 271 criminal cases, 43.1% were consistent with neglect, 29.2% were compatible with non‐accidental injury, 4.80% were poisonings, 10.7% were deemed to be due to natural disease, and 11.43% were inconclusive.     

Development of a simple and non-destructive examination for counterfeit coins using acoustic characteristics

The measurement of the sound by the shock wave and the analysis of the natural frequencies were carried out for the authentic and five kinds of counterfeit 500-yen coins for the purpose of the quick and simple discrimination. Four peaks of natural frequencies were observed in the range of 5–20 kHz for authentic coins. On the other hand, only three peaks were observed for some kinds of the counterfeit coins. Four peaks were observed for other counterfeit coins, however the peaks were slightly shifted compared to those for authentic coins. These results show that the discrimination of the counterfeit coins from authentic ones can be realized by the examination of the natural frequencies. This method is quite useful for the simple screening of authentic and counterfeit coins.     

Evaluation of the Cozart RapiScan drug test system for opiates and cocaine in oral fluid

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Cozart^® RapiScan (CRS) drug test system for detecting opiates and cocaine in oral fluid. Oral fluid samples were collected using the Cozart^® RapiScan collection system from 358 donors who were receiving treatment for their addiction and were monitored for drug misuse. A further 103 oral fluid samples were collected from volunteer donors who were not drug users. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory using the two-panel Cozart^® RapiScan cartridge for opiates and cocaine and confirmed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The samples were stored frozen at −20 °C until analysis by GC–MS. The overall accuracy of the CRS for both opiates and cocaine was 100%. Samples spiked at 50% above and below the cut-off consistently gave negative and positive results respectively. A total of 88 samples were positive for various opiates and 111 samples were positive for cocaine and/or its metabolites. The CRS for opiates and cocaine in oral fluid, using a cut-off of 30 ng/mL morphine or benzoylecgonine equivalents in neat oral fluid, had overall efficiencies of 98% and 99%, respectively, versus GC–MS. A series of potential adulterants of oral fluid were evaluated and shown not to alter the outcome of the test result.     

微量血痕的MN血型检验方法

本文介绍了两种微量血痕的 MN 血型检验方法。1.低温减压解离法的要点是:(1)剪取0.3～0.5cm 长的血痕纱线,用甲醇固定并分离;(2)置凹玻璃板凹内,加适合于检验血痕血型的抗 M、抗 N 血清;(3)在负压760mmHg 环境中吸收20分钟,再置4℃环境中吸收20～30分钟;(4)将凹玻璃板置冰块上用冷盐水洗涤血痕纱线;(5)吸干洗涤过的血痕纱线,滴加0.5～1%相应型的红细胞盐水悬液,减压解离20分钟;(6)用镊子夹起血痕纱线放在有两滴盐水的载玻片上,加盖玻片;(7)室温20分钟后,用显微镜观察。2.载片热解离法基本同第一法。不同点如下:(1)经洗涤后的纱线置载玻片上,加相应型的0.05%盐水红细胞悬液;(2)在56℃环境中解离10分钟。本文还测定了低温减压解离法的灵敏度,并对其室温解离原理进行了讨论。     

Developmental and Validation of The Illustrated Version of The Home Inventory for Dangers and Safety Precautions: Continuing to Address Learning Needs of Parents in Injury Prevention

This paper describes the development and validation of the Home Inventory for Dangers and Safety Precautions – Illustrated Version to be used with parents whose children are at significant risk for home injury. Because illustrations are useful in facilitating learning by parents who have difficulty ensuring child and self home safety, colored illustrations representing 6 home rooms or areas were empirically developed for assessment purposes. The dangers depicted were selected from previous work and represented those associated with the majority of family home injuries. Score-sheets contained dangers and associated precautions administered to 62 referred young parents. Administration and psychometric characteristics were examined; specific hypotheses were tested. Obtained measures of internal consistency for dangers and precautions for all illustrations (except for Stairway) and for totals were satisfactory. Administration was suitable for use with this population. Parents were able to identify approximately half of the depicted dangers while being able to provide a suitable precaution for 40%. Reading comprehension was predictive of danger identification whereas reading recognition was predictive of precautions given. The HIDSP-IV is useful in assessing a parent's knowledge of dangers and precautions from which more individualized home safety instruction can occur.