汗潜指印的STR分型检测

目的探索汗潜指印的荧光STR复合扩增检测的方法。方法采用Chelex-100和Microco-100浓缩柱,提取汗潜指印中DNA,STR复合扩增荧光电泳检测。结果 105例汗潜指纹STR分型可明确判读5个以上基因座的占30.3％,个体之间的差异、捺印指印时用力大小以及指印遗留在客体上时间的长短均影响检测成功率。结论该汗潜指印的DNA提取方法步骤简单,方法较为稳定,使单枚汗潜指印可望获得DNA分型。     

汗潜指印的STR分型检测在案件中的应用

目的探索案例中所涉及的汗潜指印DNA的提取和检验方法。方法采用Chlex-100法提取DNA,进行STR复合扩增,通过毛细管电泳检测荧光信号。结果案例中涉及的汗潜指印在ProfilerPlus试剂盒10个基因座的分型检测均获成功。结论含有汗潜指印的检材的发现和正确提取对最终检测成功至关重要。     

茚三酮显现汗潜指印的三种操作方法对DNA检测的影响

目的探讨并比较茚三酮显现汗潜指印的3种操作方法,即溶液浸泡法、涂抹法和喷雾法对后续DNA检测带来的影响。方法取16名志愿者的指印分4组,分为茚三酮浸泡法、涂抹法和喷雾法以及空白组,然后提取DlNA进行定量和STR分型检测。结果3种操作方法都会减少汗潜指印DNA的量,喷雾法的损失量最大,浸泡法和涂抹法结果比较接近。结论现场可疑指印检材,应根据检验需要决定指印显现和DNA提取的先后顺序。     

3种提取胶带粘面汗潜指印中DNA的方法比较

目的比较胶带粘面汗潜指印中DNA提取的方法。方法分别采用硅珠法、QIAMicrokit法、硅珠-QIAMicrokit法提取胶带粘面的汗潜指印中DNA,STR复合扩增,荧光电泳检测。结果用QIAMicrokit法、硅珠-QIAMicrokit法提取胶带粘面汗潜指印中DNA,检测成功率分别为21%和36%。硅珠法检测未获成功。结论硅珠-QIAMicrokit法提取胶带粘面汗潜指印中的DNA比QIAMicrokit法,检验时间更短,检测成功率更高。     

汗潜指印显现技术研究进展概况

传统汗潜指印显现技术在改进、更新的同时,涌现出许多新的技术与方法,主要是将新材料、光谱法、质谱法、电化学方法、生物技术等应用于汗潜指印显现中。新兴技术在某些方面克服了传统技术的缺陷,弥补了其不足之处,在显现灵敏度、显现条件、显现效率与效果方面表现突出,尤其是在陈旧、痕量级汗潜指印显现打破了传统技术的瓶颈,标志着汗潜指印显现技术迈入了一个新纪元。虽然新技术在诸多方面崭露头角,但过度依赖仪器设备与试剂,操作专业化要求高,无法在短时间内完全取代传统技术。本文综述了新技术在汗潜指印显现中应用的研究进展,归纳总结了其不足之处,并展望未来汗潜指印显现技术的发展方向。     

汗潜指印DNA提取方法的初步研究

目的建立渗透性载体及非渗透性载体上汗潜指印DNA的提取和检验方法。方法采用C-有-柱法及SiO2法两种DNA提取方法,PCR扩增后310型遗传分析仪检测。结果载玻片上3枚汗潜指印采用2种方法均可扩增出Amel及9个STR位点;纸上3枚汗潜指印用SiO2法检见Amel及9个STR位点,而用C-有-柱法检验结果不稳定。渗透性及非渗透性载体上1及2枚汗潜指印,采用上述两种DNA提取方法,检验结果均不稳定。结论所建立的方法可以检见渗透性及非渗透性载体上汗潜指印DNA,并达到同一认定的程度。     

“502”熏显后掌纹的STR检验2例

随着STR基因座复合扩增系统在法庭科学中的广泛应用，汗潜指印的STR分型检验已成为可能。本文对2枚“502”熏显后的掌纹进行了STR检验，现报道如下。     

指印生物遗传标记检验的研究现状与展望

综述了血指印和汗潜指印生物遗传标记的研究历史和现状,指印DNA检验面临的问题,包括现场污染,显现剂的影响,载体的影响等,并对指印DNA在法医学中的应用前景进行了展望。     

刑事照相常用紫外光源照射对DNA检验的影响研究

目的探究刑事照相常用紫外光源照射不同客体上的血指印和汗潜指印后对DNA检验产生的影响。方法分别使用254nm和365nm紫外光源在不同照射距离,不同照射时间下对不同客体表面制备的原血指印、微量血指印和汗潜指印检材进行照射,随后进行DNA定量分析。结果原血指印经紫外照射后对DNA检验结果无显著影响,微量血指印和汗潜指印经紫外照射对后续DNA检验结果认定影响较大。结论紫外光波长越短、功率越大、照射距离越短、照射时间越长,对DNA检验结果的影响越大。     

荧光免疫法在显现吸烟者汗潜指印领域的应用

传统的指印显现方法虽简便易行,却存在灵敏度及分辨率不够高、对现场勘查人员的身体有害等问题,为检验鉴定工作造成一定的困难。因此,需要开发新型的显现方法,以克服上述困难。本文介绍了针对吸烟者汗潜指印中存在的尼古丁代谢产物-可替宁,利用抗原抗体反应进行指印显现的技术,经过处理的指印在特定波长紫外线的激发后即可显现出指印纹线,同时还能确认指印遗留者个人生活信息,不失为一种指印显现领域的新探索。     

开拓汗潜手印显现的新领域

系统论述了JHF-系列荧光粉末和JHC-系列荧光磁性粉显现汗液指纹的理论基础和主要特点,比较了与金属粉末显现手印的不同效果,列举了在不同客体和不同留痕条件下显现的汗潜手印的方法.     

纸张上汗潜手印显现新方法

为了克服硝酸银显现法的缺点，笔者对原有的硝酸银显现法进行了改进，用新配方硝酸银显现液显现各种纸张（打印纸、普通纸、报纸、牛皮纸等）上的汗潜手印，采用涂抹法，不需曝光即可显出效果较好的手印，手印纹线清晰、流畅，效果稳定，易于保存，使硝酸银显现法得到了进一步的发展和完善。     

Powder method for detecting latent fingerprints: a review

The powder technique for detecting latent fingerprints involves the application of a finely divided formulation to the fingermark impression, generally with a glass-fibre or a camel hair brush. The powder gets mechanically adhered to the sweat residue defining the ridge pattern. The furrows which are devoid of the fingerprint residue, do not adhere the powder onto them. The final outcome is that the powder formulation sticks to the ridges, but is easily blown off the furrows. Since the powder is normally coloured, the ridge pattern becomes visible and the latent print is said to have developed.     

Powder method for detecting latent fingerprints: a review

The powder technique for detecting latent fingerprints involves the application of a finely divided formulation to the fingermark impression, generally with a glass-fibre or a camel hair brush. The powder gets mechanically adhered to the sweat residue defining the ridge pattern. The furrows which are devoid of the fingerprint residue, do not adhere the powder onto them. The final outcome is that the powder formulation sticks to the ridges, but is easily blown off the furrows. Since the powder is normally coloured, the ridge pattern becomes visible and the latent print is said to have developed.     

The Influence of Selected Fingerprint Enhancement Techniques on Forensic DNA Typing of Epithelial Cells Deposited on Porous Surfaces

Fingerprints deposited at crime scene can be a source of DNA. Previous reports on the effects of fingerprint enhancement methods have focused mainly on fingermarks deposited in blood or saliva. Here, we evaluate the effects of fingerprint enhancement methods on fingerprints deposited on porous surfaces. We performed real‐time quantification and STR typing, the results of which indicated that two methods (iodine fuming and 1,2‐indanedione in ethyl acetate enhancement) had no effect on the quantity of DNA isolated and resultant STR alleles when compared to control samples. DNA quantities and allele numbers were lower for samples enhanced with silver nitrate and 1,2‐indanedione in acetic acid when compared to control samples. Based on DNA quantity, quality, and observable stochastic effects, our data indicated that iodine fuming and 1,2‐indanedione in ethyl acetate were the preferred options for the enhancement of fingerprints on porous surfaces.     

短波紫外照射对汗潜手印DNA检测的影响初探

目的探测短波紫外灯的照射是否会对汗潜手印DNA检测产生影响。方法由每名志愿者在纸张上捺印4枚拇指指印使每枚指印的脱落细胞量保持基本相同,抽取每名志愿者所捺印的一枚指印作为一组,共有四组,将三组指印置于短波紫外灯的照射下,照射时间分别设置为10min﹑30min和1h,还有一组不照射,然后用磁珠法对所有指印提取DNA并进行定量。结果短波紫外灯的照射会对汗潜手印中的DNA造成减损,照射时间越长,减损得越多。结论尽量减少短波紫外灯对汗潜手印照射的时间(可控制在10min内),以保证汗潜手印有足够量的DNA而能被用于STR分型检测。     

A novel chitosan/tripolyphosphate/L‐lysine conjugates for latent fingerprints detection and enhancement

Most chemical and physical methods employed in visualizing latent marks have shown detrimental effects on human health and, therefore, some research groups have directed their attention to the utilization of various (bio)polymers with the aforementioned purpose. Although chitosan is widely used in medicine, pharmacy, food, and drug delivery systems, there are very few studies that address this biopolymer utilization in forensic applications, such as the detection of latent fingerprints. We used chitosan crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate and conjugated with L‐lysine to enhance the visualization of latent fingerprints, due to its ability to interact with fingerprint sweat residues. These conjugates were prepared using different (w/w) amounts of chitosan and tripolyphosphate (6/1; 4/1; 1/1; 1/4; and 1/6), and those with the most promising results (i.e., 6/1 formulation) were investigated in detail. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy confirmed interactions between components of the systems. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that prepared powder formulations were uniform in size and confirmed that chitosan/tripolyphosphate/lysine conjugates bind easily to the sweat and lipid residues present in the latent fingerprints. The testing of prepared conjugates demonstrated the potential of these systems as bio‐based powder substitution for commercially available powders.