儒法之信的启蒙

儒家思想对当代中国法制的影响主要体现在部门法律规范之中,尤以基本原则、指导思想、义务性规范为其思想传承和渗透的对象。儒法之信主要体现和渗透在现行民商事等部门法的基本原则之中,诚信是道德的法律化,诚信原则承继儒法之信。儒法之信具有主观诚信的心理潜质和客观诚信的社会潜质,在儒法之信的启示下,在现代法治文明的滋养、孕育中生成了限制、调整和扩张三种操作规范的诚信裁判。     

试论思想政治工作现代化

一在我国 ,当前现代化过程给素有“一切工作的生命线”之称的思想政治工作带来了前所未有的冲击 ,在当前的新形势下 ,如何更好地开展思想政治工作 ,是社会主义市场经济条件下的一个热点问题。当前 ,人们的思想异常活跃 ,呈现出多层面、多元化的发展态势。传统观念受到强烈的冲击 ,在相当一部分人中出现信仰危机、道德滑坡、价值观念扭曲等问题 ,明显地表现为对政治冷漠 ,不关心国家大事 ,信鬼、信神、信命 ,就是不信共产主义 ;认钱、认亲友、认关系 ,就是不认真理 ,不认公德 ;图享受、图发财、图名利、图眼前 ,就是不图学习成才 ,不图奉献 ,…     

试论儒家学说的现代化阐释与改造

为使儒家思想精华在现代化进程中发挥积极推动作用,首先必须对儒学进行现代化的阐释与改造。这不仅是中国传统思想文化自身发展的必然,也是中国当今社会实践和文化建设的需要。这种阐释与改造的意义和价值,有别于对儒家思想作纯粹的学术研究,因而在具体操作中也应当采取有别于纯学术研究的方法。     

靠诚信感动“上帝”

诚信之于律师,尤其是中国律师,应该是一个耳熟能详的概念。从一个中国人的角度来看,我国社会深受儒家思想影响,历来崇尚诚实守信的道德伦理观念,《性理大全·诚篇》说:“诚者自然,信是用力,诚是理,信是心,诚是天道,信是人道,诚是以命言,信是以性言。诚是以道言,信是以德言。”另外,中国人恪守的“仁、义、礼、智、信”中,信占其一,足可证明言必行、行必果及诚实守信一直是我国传统道德的重要组成部分。从一个律师的角度来看,无论是大陆法系还     

儒家思想对西夏法制的影响

西夏党项人深受中原儒家思想的影响,统治者期望借鉴和仿效中原王朝的政治法律制度作为强国之策。儒家思想在西夏广泛传播并深入社会生活,成为西夏法律的思想基础。与此同时,"以孝道为核心"的儒家思想也对西夏社会风尚产生显著的影响。因此,儒家"尊君孝亲"、"慎刑德政"思想在西夏法制中都有深刻体现。     

法学的品格

法学的品格是对法学是什么以及有什么用的阐释。法学是“治国之学”、“强国之学”、“权利之学”、“正义之学”。“治国之学”、“强国之学”是关于法学的价值论阐释 ;“权利之学”、“正义之学”是对法学的本体论阐释。     

道家的“法自然”观及其影响——兼与西方自然法思想比较

在治国方略的选择上，中国与西方走的是两条截然不同的发展道路。这部分应归因于中西法律文化的差异。这种差异是否就是“自然法”与“实在法”二元对立的思维方式的有无？ 本文对此持否定态度。因为道家的“法自然”观包含着明显的法律二元论思维方式，并对以儒家思想为主导的传统法律文化产生了深刻影响，从而形成了独特的中国式的法律二元论。不过，道家的“法自然”思想与西方的“自然法”思想在根本上是大异其趣的。     

从贵族法治到帝制法治

法治转型是围绕社会转型进行的,中国第一次社会转型发生在春秋战国时期,与此相应,法治转型则是由贵族法治转为帝制法治。贵族法治的特质是别亲疏、殊贵贱、断于礼,也就是西周以降的礼治。“废井田,开阡陌;废分封,立郡县”是春秋战国社会转型的全部内容。这种转型用今天的语言来表述,就是经济转型和政治转型。为适应社会的这种转型,先秦法家提出了“法治”理论。这种“法治”,与传统的礼治相对立,其特征是“不别亲疏、不殊贵贱,一断于法”,重心是治吏治官。这是秦汉以后中国法律制度的思想基础。秦汉以后的中华帝国法治主要是这种观念制度化的结果,因此,在这个意义上,用“儒家思想法律化”来概括帝制中国的法治特征较“法律儒家化”为妥。     

用人民调解构建我国刑事和解制度

人民调解制度渊源于中华民族优秀的传统文化，历史上的调解实践有着极其深厚的中华民族文化传统背景。孔子的“礼之用，和为贵，先工之道斯为美”、“听讼，吾犹人也，必也使无讼乎”的儒家思想，深刻影响着整个中华民族的价值理念。人民调解制度就是在继承民间调解优良传统的基础上，逐步发展成为一项具有中国特色的民主与法律制度的，被誉为“东方经验”，     

浅析亲亲相隐与期待可能性

“亲亲得相首匿”也叫亲亲相隐制度,是我国古代法律中的一项重要刑法原则,同现代大陆法系的期待可能性理论有共同之处,均强调法律秩序意义的同时,也将人性的终极关怀和尊重贯彻于法律之中. 一、亲亲相隐的概念及起源 从历史上讲,亲亲相隐起源于春秋战国时期以孔子为代表的儒家思想.最早有记载的是孔子对“父攘羊,子记之”的案例评析,《论语·子路》中记载:“叶公语孔子日:‘吾觉有直躬者,其父攘羊,而子记之’.     

Bhartṛhari and Maṇḍana on Avidyā

The concept of avidyā is one of the central categories in the Advaita of Śaṇkara and Maṇḍana. Shifting the focus from māyā, interpreted either as illusion or as the divine power, this concept brings ignorance to the forefront in describing duality and bondage. Although all Advaitins accept avidyā as a category, its scope and nature is interpreted in multiple ways. Key elements in Maṇḍana’s philosophy include the plurality of avidyā, individual selves as its substrate and the Brahman as its field (viṣaya), and the distinction in avidyā between non-apprehension and misapprehension. A closer investigation shows that Maṇḍana is directly influenced by Bhartṛhari’s linguistic non-dualism in developing the concept of avidyā. This study also compares other key constituents such as vivartta and pariṇāma that are relevant to the analysis of avidyā. As the concept of counter-image (pratibimba) emerges as a distinct stream of Advaita subsequent to Maṇḍana, this study also compares the application of pratibimba in the writings of Bhartṛhari and Maṇḍana.     

Unraveling the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Kāvyaprakāśa</Emphasis>: Jayadeva Pīyūṣavarṣa’s idiosyncratic sequence of topics in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candrāloka</Emphasis>

In his twelfth century alaṃkāraśāstra, the Candrāloka, Jayadeva Pīyūṣavarṣa reverses the sequence of topics found in Mammaṭa’s Kāvyapr-akāśa, an earlier and immensely popular work. With such a structural revisionism, Jayadeva asserts the autonomy of his own work and puts forth an ambitious critique of earlier approaches to literary analysis. Jayadeva investigates the technical and aesthetic components of poetry in the first part of the Candrāloka, prior to his formal semantic investigations in the latter half of the text, thus suggesting that aesthetic evaluations of poetry beneficially inform scientific investigations of language. Jayadeva’s organization of his chapters on the semantic operations, moreover, intimates that the study of suggestive and metaphoric functions of language clarifies our understanding of denotation, which is conventionally understood to be the primary and direct path of verbal designation.     

Immigration,intermarriage and the changing face of Europe in the post war period

In this article we compare the propensity to intermarry of various migrant groups and their children who settled in Germany, France, England, Belgium and the Netherlands in the post-war period, using a wide range of available statistical data. We try to explain different intermarriage patterns within the framework of Alba and Nee's assimilation theory and pay special attention to the role of religion, colour and colonial background. We therefore compare colonial with non colonial migrants and within these categories between groups with ‘European’ (Christian) and non-European (Islam, Hinduism) religions. First of all, religion appears to be an important variable. Migrants whose faith has no tradition in Western Europe intermarry at a much lower rate than those whose religious backgrounds correspond with those that are common in the country of settlement. The rate of ethnic endogamous marriages in Western Europe are highest in Hindu and Muslim communities, often regardless if they came as guest workers or colonial migrants. Whereas differences in religion diminish the propensity to intermarry, colour or ‘racial’ differences on the other hand seem to be less important. This is largely explained by the pre-migration socialisation. Furthermore, the paper argues that the attention to institutions, as rightly advocated by Richard Alba and Victor Nee, needs a more refined and layered elaboration. Institutions, often as barriers to intermarriage, do not only emanate from the receiving society, but also—be it less formalized—within migrant communities. Especially religions and family systems, but also organized nationalist feelings, can have a profound influence on how migrants think about endogamy. Finally, strong pressures to assimilate, often through institutionalized forms of discrimination and stigmatization, not only produce isolation and frustrate assimilation (with resulting low intermarriage rates), but can also stimulate assimilation by 'passing' mechanisms. These factors, together with a more comparative perspective, are not completely ignored in the new assimilation theory, but—as this study of Western European intermarriage patterns stresses—deserve to be included more systematically in historical and social scientist analyses.     

The Supreme Array Scripture: A New Interpretation of the Title “Gaṇḍavyūha-sūtra”

This article argues for a new interpretation of the Sanskrit compound gaṇḍa-vyūha as it is used in the common title of the Mahāyāna text the Gaṇḍavyūha-Sūtra.The author begins by providing a brief history of the sūtra’s appellations in Chinese and Tibetan sources. Next, the meanings of gaṇḍa (the problematic member of the compound) are explored. The author proposes that contemporary scholars have overlooked a meaning of gaṇḍa occurring in some compounds, wherein gaṇḍa can mean simply “great,” “big” or “massive.” This general sense is particularly common in the compound gaṇda-śaila (a “massive rock” or “boulder”) and is found in such texts as the Bhāgavata Purāṇa, the Harivaṃśa and the Harṣacarita. Following the discussion of Gaṇḍa, the author examines the term vyūha (“array”) as it is used in the Gaṇḍavyūha-sūtra. The article concludes with the suggestion that a more appropriate translation of the Gaṇḍavyūha-sūtra would be “The Supreme array Scripture.”     

Evaluation of six presumptive tests for blood, their specificity, sensitivity, and effect on high molecular-weight DNA

Luminol, leuchomalachite green, phenolphthalein, Hemastix, Hemident, and Bluestar are all used as presumptive tests for blood. In this study, the tests were subjected to dilute blood (from 1:10,000 to 1:10,000,000), many common household substance, and chemicals. Samples were tested for DNA to determine whether the presumptive tests damaged or destroyed DNA. The DNA loci tested were D2S1338 and D19S433. Leuchomalachite green had a sensitivity of 1:10,000, while the remaining tests were able to detect blood to a dilution of 1:100,000. Substances tested include saliva, semen, potato, tomato, tomato sauce, tomato sauce with meat, red onion, red kidney bean, horseradish, 0.1 M ascorbic acid, 5% bleach, 10% cupric sulfate, 10% ferric sulfate, and 10% nickel chloride. Of all the substances tested, not one of the household items reacted with every test; however, the chemicals did. DNA was recovered and amplified from luminol, phenolphthalein, Hemastix, and Bluestar, but not from leuchomalachite green or Hemident.     

Illumination,Imagination, Creativity: Rājaśekhara,Kuntaka, and Jagannātha on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pratibhā</Emphasis>

Sanskrit poeticians make the visionary faculty of pratibhā a necessary part of the professional poet’s make-up. The term has a pre-history in Bhartṛhari’s linguistic metaphysics, where it is used to explain the unitary perception of meaning. This essay examines the relation between pratibhā and possible theories of the imagination, with a focus on three unusual theoreticians—Rājaśekhara, Kuntaka, and Jagannātha Paṇḍita. Rājaśekhara offers an analysis of pratibhā that is heavily interactive, requiring the discerning presence of the bhāvaka listener or critic; he also positions pratibhā in relation to Bildung (vyutpatti) and practice. For Kuntaka, pratibhā, never an ex nihilo creation by a poet, serves as the basis for the peculiar forms of intensified insight and experience that constitute poetry; these may also involve the creative scrambling and re-articulation of the object in terms of its systemic composition. At times, Kuntaka’s pratibhā comes close to a strong notion of imaginative process. But the full-fledged thematization of the imagination, and of pratibhā as its support and mechanism, is best seen in the seventeenth-century debates preserved for us by Jagannātha. A link is suggested between the discourse of poetic imagination in Jagannātha and similar themes that turn up in Indo-Persian poets such as Bedil.     

Preventing Homelessness for System‐Involved Youth

Too many youth and young adults find themselves on the streets, couch‐surfing with friends, in emergency shelters or worse, after exiting the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. In some circumstances, youth have had court hearings until their exit from the legal system, but those hearings have not focused on long‐range plans of youth and emergencies youth may encounter. In other circumstances, there has been little or no planning prior to discharge, especially for young people who leave the juvenile justice system. Courts can and should prevent, alleviate or end youth homelessness for youth who appear before them through strategies that are enumerated in the recently‐passed NCJFCJ resolution. This article expounds on three of these strategies – coordinating transition and re‐entry plans, insisting on effective legal representation of youth, and utilizing sound judicial leadership. It also describes the concurrent efforts of the Coalition for Juvenile Justice and the American Bar Association's Homeless Youth Legal Network to remove legal barriers and improve outcomes for youth and young adults experiencing homelessness.     

Best practices for structuring a family court parenting plan evaluation under the 2022 AFCC Guidelines

Evaluation appointment orders provide enforceable scaffolding for conduct of family court parenting plan evaluations, and use of the evaluator's reports, feedback, file, and testimony. Unlike a contract, a stipulated or adjudicated appointment order is directly enforceable by the family court. It unambiguously positions the evaluator as the family court's appointee – answerable directly to the court and, in some jurisdictions, protected by quasi-judicial immunity from damages claims. A well-crafted appointment order governs the roles and expectations of the court, the evaluator, the parties, the lawyers, and the collateral witnesses. An appointment order mandates the legal duties, rights, powers, and responsibilities of the professionals, the parties, and the collateral witnesses. At minimum, an appointment order articulates the legal basis for the appointment, the purpose and scope of the evaluation, compensation of evaluator, and the duty of the parties to participate in the process. A written evaluation protocol or procedures statement discloses in advance the methods of investigation and assessment that the evaluator intends to use. Together, the appointment order and written protocol help the evaluator, lawyers, parents, and judge manage the complexity of the evaluation process.     

Monks Who Have Sex: Pārājika Penance in Indian Buddhist Monasticisms

In the study of Buddhism it is commonly accepted that a monk or nun who commits a pārājika offence is permanently and irrevocably expelled from the Buddhist monastic order. This view is based primarily on readings of the Pāli Vinaya. With the exception of the Pāli Vinaya, however, all other extant Buddhist monastic law codes (Dharmaguptaka, Mahāsāṅghika, Mahīśāsaka, Sarvāstivāda and Mūlasarvāstivāda) contain detailed provisions for monks and nuns who commit pārājikas but nevertheless wish to remain within the saṅgha. These monastics are not expelled. Rather, they are granted a special status known as the śikṣādattaka. In this paper I explore the rules. concerning pārājika penance and the śikṣādattaka with specific regard to monastic celibacy. Given that five out of six extant law codes recognise this remarkable accommodation to the rule of celibacy, I argue that we must look to Vinayas other than the Pāli Vinaya if we are to arrive at a nuanced and representative view of Indian Buddhist monasticism.

Grant me chastity and continence, but not yet. Augustine of Hippo (354–430 C.E.)

     

What similes in Sāṃkhya do: a comparison of the similes in the Sāṃkhya texts in the Mahābhārata, the Sāṃkhyakārikā and the Sāṃkhyasūtra

In Sāṃkhya similes are an important means to communicate basic philosophical teachings. In the texts similes are frequently used, especially in the Sāṃkhya passages in the Mahābhārata, in the Sāṃkhyakārikā and in the Sāṃkhyasūtra. This paper compares the similes in these three texts and analyses changes in the philosophy as revealed in the similes. A comparison of the similes of Sāṃkhya texts produced over more than one thousand years reveals changes in the emphasis in this philosophical system. The purpose of the similes in the Sāṃkhya passages of the Mahābhārata is to produce an intuitive understanding of the separateness of puruṣa and prakṛti. The similes are designed to lead the listener to understand this basic dualism. In the Sāṃkhyakārikā the most difficult issues are the relationship between prakṛti and puruṣa and the idea of prakṛti working for the salvation of puruṣa. One whole chapter of the Sāṃkhyasūtra is devoted to similes.