人民检察院实施刑事审判简易程序法律监督的主要内容和途径

刑事审判简易程序的法律监督,是指人民检察院在履行法律监督职责中,对人民法院在一审程序中按照简易程序审理刑事案件所进行的法律监督。刑事审判简易程序是相对刑事审判普通程序而言,指人民法院在审理简易轻微刑事案件时,认为案件事实清楚,证据确实、充分,不完全按照法律规定的一审程序,减少其中不必要的诉讼环节,缩短诉讼时间,减化诉讼手续,以提高诉讼效率,保障案件及时得以审理的一种刑事诉讼程序。刑事审判简易程序的法律监督,包括对在审理简单轻微刑事案件时作出的判决、裁定在认定事实、适用法律上是否正确的监督,也包括对审判活动中…     

法官解释之方法智慧重述

审判的过程,需先对案件事实进行法律上的裁剪,继而以法律事实为据解释法律,重构审判规范。法官解释法律的方法智巧虽多,归根结底应服从于终极之目的解释。结合具体案件中的法律事实,法律经由文义、体系、法意、目的解释可以构造出适合个案的审判规范。     

不动产登记行政与民事交叉案件审判模式探析

随着经济的发展，社会关系愈渐复杂，诉讼案件所涉法律关系呈现多重交织的状况，不同性质的法律关系也可能会同时受一个法律行为的影响。不动产登记就属于此类情况。然而，我国行政诉讼法与民事诉讼法所调整的法律关系不同，其立法原则和程序设计亦存在很大区别，现行法律对于如何审理行政与民事交叉案件缺乏相应的操作规则，从而造成审判实务中的种种困境。本文立足不动产登记纠纷的视角上，以期探求解决此类行民交叉案件的审判模式。     

审判权有效运行的舆论保障——对传媒监督的合理质疑

审判权的有效运行需要良好的舆论环境,传媒报道应当受到合理限制,否则将可能造成传媒报道左右司法审判的局面,给司法独立、司法公正、司法权威造成消极影响。法官应加强职业敏感和甄别能力,注重对复杂敏感案件的调解,同时应当对传媒报道加以规范,限制传媒对案件报道的范围、阶段和方式,并提高当事人的法律意识和道德观念,促成司法审判和传媒报道的良性互动。     

我国互联网法院设置问题研究

互联网技术的迅猛发展为法院审判方式的革新带来新的契机.互联网法院是所有诉讼行为及庭审都是通过互联网技术在线进行,专门受理特定类型涉网案件的法院.互联网法院对于推动审判能力现代化、诉讼便捷化、司法公正可视化有着重要作用.我国法院也在网络审判、网络拍卖等方面进行了诸多实践.总结实践经验,借鉴国外做法,我国应对互联网法院进行专门立法,明确互联网法院的受案范围、管辖规则等,进一步规范网络司法制度.     

海事诉讼案件不宜适用小额审判机制——兼述小额审判机制之适用范围

2012年修改的我国现行《民事诉讼法》在第162条新增了关于小额审判机制的规定,但其中并未对其具体的适用范围作出明确界定。作为一种特殊类型的民事诉讼案件,海事诉讼案件是否可以适用小额审判机制,最高人民法院在相关批复中对此作出了肯定的答复。本文认为,该批复不仅忽视了海事诉讼案件的特殊性与小额审判机制适用范围的特定性,而且其推论基础明显存在谬误,更欠缺对海事诉讼案件适用小额审判机制有无实际需要之科学论证。鉴此,从司法解释层面明定海事诉讼案件可以适用小额审判机制乃是不恰当的。     

群体性诉讼案件情况的调查与思考

近年来,群体性诉讼案件有逐渐增多的趋势,给审判工作、社会稳定带来许多新问题.为此,作者对某区法院近年来审理的群体性诉讼案件进行了专题调查,分析了群体性诉讼案件的特点、案件增多的原因,总结了审理此类案件的作法和体会,并针对审判实践中暴露出的问题,对如何规范诉讼代表人的行为,保护共同诉讼当事人合法权益;如何在群体性诉讼中体现当事人举证原则;诉讼费的预付与负担;执行申请与财产分配等问题进行了讨论,并阐明了作者的观点.     

关于审判公正的法哲学思考

审判公正包含了程序公正和实体公正两层含义。实现审判公正 ,有利于维护国家法律秩序、有利于增进人们对诉讼的信任和期待审判公正、有利于抑制和预防侵权行为的发生、有利于保护当事人的合法权益。审判公正的实现依赖于审判者在审判中保持中立、对当事人主张和请求的同等尊重和关注以及案件事实的真实再现和法律适用的正确无误。     

浅析新闻媒体报道案件的法律界限——从"媒介审判"谈起

近些年来,随着我国民主与法制建设步伐的加快,新闻媒体在我国政治经济社会生活中的作用越来越显著。媒体报道法律案件,对民众舆论引导的影响力日益增大,形成了"媒体审判"的势头,急需法律加以明确的界限与规范。本文从我国法律现实出发,介绍了"媒体审判"的含义,并从报道范围、报道尺度、尊重法院独立审判权、维护新闻立法目的等方面分析了我国法律对新闻媒体报道案件的法律界限。     

论审判为中心对检察工作的影响

以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革，对我国刑事诉讼体制、机制，理念、意识，方式、方法都带来全方位的影响，检察机关承担着刑事诉讼中上承侦查下启审判和对刑事诉讼活动实行法律监督的双重职能，以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革对整个检察工作的影响是广泛而深刻的。检察机关要更多地从审判标准化和诉讼终端性来整体上把握以事实证据为决定性因素的案件起诉质量和诉讼发展走向。对刑事诉讼的法律监督工作必须围绕审判这个中心进行，既要加强对起决定性作用的审判活动的法律监督，又要加强为审判作最先准备的侦查活动的法律监督，同时还要加强对自身履行检察权的有效监督。     

News media reporting on civil litigation and its influence on civil justice decision making

The news media have the potential to act as a powerful influence on the civil litigation system, influencing decision making in particular cases and on the system more generally as media reports influence the decision making of various participants in the system. This paper reviews the research that has examined the relationship between news media reporting and civil litigation and proposes a framework that integrates this work and provides guidance for future research efforts. Specifically, we discuss the nature of media reporting on civil litigation, perceptions of the civil litigation system held by the public and legal actors, and the potential influence of news reporting about civil litigation on the decision making of jurors, judges, civil litigants, and policymakers. Overall, the research suggests that news reporting of civil litigation presents a systematically distorted picture of civil litigation and that this reporting can influence perceptions and outcomes of civil litigation in various ways. However, there are many gaps in the existing research that need to be filled. The proposed organizational scheme helps to identify ways that future research can provide links between the findings of existing research and to identify ways in which this research can be extended to new areas.     

论刑事上诉审构造

刑事上诉审构造,是指为规范上诉审与初审之间的关系,法律对刑事上诉审的审判对象、审理范围、审理方式、裁判方式等的规定所构成的整体格局。上诉审构造各构成要素的搭配须遵循一项基本原理,即审判对象与审理范围决定审理方式与裁判方式。在比较法上,存在三种典型的上诉审构造类型,即复审制、续审制、事后审查制。我国法律针对刑事上诉审构造的各方面要素,均已有不同程度的规定,但是未能对四方面要素的关系作出合理安排。因此,在立法没有对上诉制度作出根本性变革之前,可以考虑以上诉理由为标准,对二审案件进行分流,从而尽可能实现刑事上诉审构造的合理化。     

论新闻监督司法的制度设置

为了将新闻监督司法的负面影响降低到最小的限度,应该从制度上对新闻媒体监督司法加以完善:首先,健全新闻舆论的监督环境,畅通新闻监督司法的渠道;其次,为新闻监督司法设置合理的界限,明确规定新闻媒体在报道案情、发表评论时应该遵循的相关规则;最后,如果新闻媒体的报道和评论确实可能妨碍案件的公正审理的,法院可以作出延期审理、异地审判、发布禁止报道的命令以及启动审判监督程序等措施予以补救。     

Don't Even Ask! A Two-Level Analysis of Government Lawsuits Against Citizen and Media Access Requestors

Access-to-information statutes are designed to empower the public and the media to scrutinize the government. In approximately three dozen cases decided since 1975, however, government entities used those statutes to sue citizens and media outlets that requested access to government information. The government lawsuits sought declaratory judgments as to the government's legal obligations under state open meetings and public records laws. This article analyzes the government lawsuits by exploring the social architecture they create. This social architecture is based on the idea that law not only settles individual disputes, but also defines power relationships among groups in society. The article suggests that government lawsuits against access requestors turn access law on its head and deprive citizens of the power over government granted to them by access statutes.     

法官合并审理自由裁量权之规制——以诉的客观合并适用为中心

案多人少背景下诉的客观合并可以成为程序扩容方式。目前法官对同一当事人间的数诉在是否合并审理上专断恣意,表现为诉的合法性评价混乱和合并形态的肯认无序。前者应通过合并要件设置树立诉的合法性评价标尺,后者应通过特定合并形态的肯认确定当事人请求能多大程度上拘束法院。在合并要件方面,须通过法规范明确同一原告对同一被告提出数诉、法院对数诉之一具有管辖权、数诉必须适用同一诉讼程序三项合并要件,防止法官在诉的合法性评价上专断;在合并形态肯认方面,应通过颁布指导性案例确立有牵连关系的单纯合并与预备合并,及时回应当事人提起数诉的审理裁判要求。     

“媒体审判”的防治

从比较法的视角出发,通过对中外相关法例的比较考察,立足于我国的法治实践,分析了媒体审判与树立司法权威的关系,并且指出:对于确保司法公正来说,在法律制度的层面上,新闻自由与司法独立都具有基础性的价值,关键在于如何界定两者的界限使得彼此能够尽可能的和谐共存,并由此对界限之内的新闻自由予以更加有力的保护,对超出界限之外的不当报道和评论加以有效防治。在合理界定媒体自由报道和评论司法的界限时,应当综合考虑以下三种关系的平衡:其一是维系司法权威的成本与收益和保障新闻自由的成本与收益的平衡;其二是新闻自由权利与获得公平审判的权利之间的平衡;其三是国情与公理的平衡。     

Legal admissibility of electronic evidence1

The use of computers and digital media in unlawful activities has increased so dramatically that investigation of any criminal activity may nowadays produce electronic evidence. However, the rapid growth in the number of criminal cases involving electronic evidence has all‐too‐often found law enforcement and the judiciary badly prepared to deal with the new issues created by this evidence. The gathering, conservation, communication and presentation of the computer‐derived evidence must fulfil legal requirements with regard to the admissibility of the evidence. Electronic evidence that was gathered in a way that was not in accordance with the law will be declared inadmissible and be ruled out of court. This report aims to briefly present the core principles of the law when handling electronic evidence. Therefore, this paper examines the conditions of admissibility of evidence in four European countries. In order to be complete and to give an interesting pan‐European view on the question, the English law system has been chosen to illustrate the functioning of the rules relating to the evidence in a country ruled by common law.     

法制新闻中的呼应性报道分析

呼应性报道是近年来法制新闻颇有成效的一种创新。它可以按内容、体裁、报道时间分成各种类型。它的意义和作用主要在于:增强法律威信,树立良好形象;增强法律意识,提高公民素质;增强震慑力,预防违法犯罪;普及法律知识,增强法制信心。搞好呼应性报道应注意呼应及时,恰当,重点突出,采编结合,争取司法机关的支持与配合。     

Free press and fair trial: The role of behavioral research

The growth of mass media has complicated the relatioship between the courts and the media. Free press and fair trial rights are kept in balance by the use of judicial restraints and remedies such asvoir dire, change of venue, and gag orders. This balance has shifted back and forth during the past two decades. Current case law and legal codes are inconsistent and provide insufficient guidance to judges in their use of restraints and remedies. Nor is there a body of empirical research on the impact of news coverage and juror behavior capable of informing the courts at this time. In this paper, we review and critically assess the empirical social science literature as it pertains to the legal issues involving free press and fair trial. We argue that carefully conducted empirical research could provide important information to the courts. We suggest research directions and methodological caveats to increase legal relevance and scientific validity.     

新闻立法是构建和谐社会的基础

新闻媒体以其舆论监督等特有的社会职能,在构建和谐社会中发挥着重要作用,是构建和谐社会的“先行官”和“推进器”。然而,我国新闻立法方面却相对滞后,使新闻媒体的采访权、知情权难以得到应有的尊重,正常的报道工作缺少相应的法律保障,媒体的社会功能无法充分发挥。因此,及时出台相应的法规,充分发挥新闻媒体监督保障的社会功能,是构建和谐社会的基础,也是社会发展的需要。