对幼儿园课程生活化、游戏化的思考

学前儿童教育既要顺应儿童的自然发展,又要将儿童的发展纳入合乎社会要求的轨道,这就要求教师要知道儿童的兴趣和需要,又要把握儿童发展的程序和规律。游戏又是幼儿最喜欢的活动,教师就要解决好游戏和教学和课程内容之间的关系,寓教育与游戏之中,使幼儿园的课程内容游戏化、生活化,更好地促进幼儿和谐的发展。     

学前教育机构过分商业化，崔生虐童、伤童事件频出

一波未平，一波又起。继陕西西安被曝幼儿园给幼儿服用“病毒灵”后，吉林省吉林市以及湖北省宜昌市先后出现幼儿“被服药”状况。而在近年中，在幼儿园中屡屡发生的虐待儿童事件等也曾引发公众广泛关注。本是让儿童接受教育，以便更好地成长的幼儿园，为何沦为“药儿园”？     

“游戏”视角下的民间规范治理研究

民间“游戏”通过规范实现社群治理,这种治理的正当性在于通过一种集体性的意向实现对社群成员的整合。很多社群的民间“游戏”是长期流传下来的,“游戏”的传统意味着社群成员对其形成了高度认同,这使得基于民间“游戏”的治理具有了可行性。“游戏”规范的治理路径在于通过民间“游戏”的社群环境识别“游戏”的意义,将民间“游戏”的规则与社群秩序的需求融合起来,完善相应的制度保护民间“游戏”,将“游戏”关联的规则融入到纠纷处理上。     

视频游戏的版权保护范围初探——以游戏设计师为视角

由于缺乏对相关概念和构成要素的理解,法官对视频游戏版权保护范围的划定往往过于主观且充满不确定性.游戏设计师视角下的概念体系能够使法官避免这一问题,其主要包含“游戏机制”、“故事设定”、“美学表现”和“技术实现”四个概念.就版权保护范围来说, “游戏机制”由于其抽象性而不应受到保护;“故事设定”的保护范围须根据其在游戏中的重要性而异;“美学表现”中具体元素的保护范围可以“虚构/现实”为标准进行判断;“技术实现”应作为限制视频游戏保护范围的重要考量因素.     

防性侵“从娃娃抓起”

在美国，一些地方从幼儿园开始．就会用游戏的方式向儿童解释“什么是性骚扰”，以及如何应对，如何求助和如何自我保护。到了小学就会让学生记牢报警电话“911”和报警注意事项；在加拿大，由于缺乏全日制幼儿园，这类教育是从小学学前班开始的，内容与美国相似。     

文明世界 野蛮游戏

《饥饿游戏》以一个超越现代的时代背景作为切入点。在这样超前的社会背景下，讲述的却是一个关乎落后与野蛮的故事。“贡品”二字与奴隶社会紧紧相连．而竞技场式的捉对厮杀则完全是古代贵旅野蛮游戏的再现。     

游戏在英语教学中的运用

随着心理学在外语教学中的发展,游戏在英语教学中越来越受欢迎。然而,游戏的使用就好像是一门艺术,要求教师在运用时要细心体会,面面俱到:不光要了解游戏的定义、在英语课堂中运用游戏的理由、如何选择适合自己课堂的游戏,而且还要明白何时、如何使用游戏,了解自己在游戏中扮演的角色等。     

全国首例网络贩卖境外淫秽游戏案

刘岩毕业于北京某著名的大学，和其女朋友宿菲菲一起经营着一家名叫“华娱在线”的网站，在网络这个虚拟世界里，他的网名叫“不死鸟”。然而，为了牟取更多的金钱，他利用自己擅长外语的特长，办了游戏汉化小组。对境外的淫秽游戏进行汉化后。放在“华娱在线”网站上向青少年游戏迷销售这种“电子海洛因”。在短短的2年时间里，他与其他小组成员就非法获利达10万余元。近日，上海市公安局徐汇分局一举将在北京“远程作案”的刘岩和他的女朋友宿菲菲抓获。这只游荡在网络上的对社会，尤其是对青少年危害性极强的“不死鸟”终于一死了。     

擅自给幼儿喂药行为的刑法分析--以西安枫韵幼儿园“病毒灵”案件为例

2014年一些幼儿园给孩子“乱喂药”的情形被曝光，引发了社会的强烈关注。①但现有刑法对幼儿乱喂药的行为没有具体规定，刑法适用中存在缺失、冲突和不确定因素，笔者认为应当通过刑法解释和增加立法来有效规制“乱喂药”的行为。     

论创造性的内在精神及其生长

由于受科学心理学的片面影响，传统的创造观仅从“人力”的纬度关注人的创造性，将本是人性特质的创造性窄化为人外在的“创造力”，忽视了体现其内在精神的人性价值因素和精神过程，这对教育产生了许多负面的影响。教育的本质在于“人的生成”，从教育的视野审视创造性，则人的创造性必须首先体现真、善、美的“人性”，而后是这种人性外化的新颖独特的“人力”，创造性既表现为个体对物质世界的创新，即“对象性功能”，更体现为对自身精神世界的超越，即“本体性功能”。学生创造性的生长必须达成“人性”与“人力”的同一。     

Bhartṛhari and Maṇḍana on Avidyā

The concept of avidyā is one of the central categories in the Advaita of Śaṇkara and Maṇḍana. Shifting the focus from māyā, interpreted either as illusion or as the divine power, this concept brings ignorance to the forefront in describing duality and bondage. Although all Advaitins accept avidyā as a category, its scope and nature is interpreted in multiple ways. Key elements in Maṇḍana’s philosophy include the plurality of avidyā, individual selves as its substrate and the Brahman as its field (viṣaya), and the distinction in avidyā between non-apprehension and misapprehension. A closer investigation shows that Maṇḍana is directly influenced by Bhartṛhari’s linguistic non-dualism in developing the concept of avidyā. This study also compares other key constituents such as vivartta and pariṇāma that are relevant to the analysis of avidyā. As the concept of counter-image (pratibimba) emerges as a distinct stream of Advaita subsequent to Maṇḍana, this study also compares the application of pratibimba in the writings of Bhartṛhari and Maṇḍana.     

Unraveling the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Kāvyaprakāśa</Emphasis>: Jayadeva Pīyūṣavarṣa’s idiosyncratic sequence of topics in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candrāloka</Emphasis>

In his twelfth century alaṃkāraśāstra, the Candrāloka, Jayadeva Pīyūṣavarṣa reverses the sequence of topics found in Mammaṭa’s Kāvyapr-akāśa, an earlier and immensely popular work. With such a structural revisionism, Jayadeva asserts the autonomy of his own work and puts forth an ambitious critique of earlier approaches to literary analysis. Jayadeva investigates the technical and aesthetic components of poetry in the first part of the Candrāloka, prior to his formal semantic investigations in the latter half of the text, thus suggesting that aesthetic evaluations of poetry beneficially inform scientific investigations of language. Jayadeva’s organization of his chapters on the semantic operations, moreover, intimates that the study of suggestive and metaphoric functions of language clarifies our understanding of denotation, which is conventionally understood to be the primary and direct path of verbal designation.     

Immigration,intermarriage and the changing face of Europe in the post war period

In this article we compare the propensity to intermarry of various migrant groups and their children who settled in Germany, France, England, Belgium and the Netherlands in the post-war period, using a wide range of available statistical data. We try to explain different intermarriage patterns within the framework of Alba and Nee's assimilation theory and pay special attention to the role of religion, colour and colonial background. We therefore compare colonial with non colonial migrants and within these categories between groups with ‘European’ (Christian) and non-European (Islam, Hinduism) religions. First of all, religion appears to be an important variable. Migrants whose faith has no tradition in Western Europe intermarry at a much lower rate than those whose religious backgrounds correspond with those that are common in the country of settlement. The rate of ethnic endogamous marriages in Western Europe are highest in Hindu and Muslim communities, often regardless if they came as guest workers or colonial migrants. Whereas differences in religion diminish the propensity to intermarry, colour or ‘racial’ differences on the other hand seem to be less important. This is largely explained by the pre-migration socialisation. Furthermore, the paper argues that the attention to institutions, as rightly advocated by Richard Alba and Victor Nee, needs a more refined and layered elaboration. Institutions, often as barriers to intermarriage, do not only emanate from the receiving society, but also—be it less formalized—within migrant communities. Especially religions and family systems, but also organized nationalist feelings, can have a profound influence on how migrants think about endogamy. Finally, strong pressures to assimilate, often through institutionalized forms of discrimination and stigmatization, not only produce isolation and frustrate assimilation (with resulting low intermarriage rates), but can also stimulate assimilation by 'passing' mechanisms. These factors, together with a more comparative perspective, are not completely ignored in the new assimilation theory, but—as this study of Western European intermarriage patterns stresses—deserve to be included more systematically in historical and social scientist analyses.     

Turning a Madhyamaka Trick: Reply to Huntington

Huntington (2007); argues that recent commentators (Robinson, 1957; Hayes, 1994; Tillemans, 1999; Garfield and Priest, 2002) err in attributing to Nāgārjuna and Candrakīrti a commitment to rationality and to the use of argument, and that these commentators do violence to the Madhyamaka project by using rational reconstruction in their interpretation of Nāgārjuna’s and Candrakīrti’s texts. Huntington argues instead that mādhyamikas reject reasoning, distrust logic and do not offer arguments. He also argues that interpreters ought to recuse themselves from argument in order to be faithful to these texts. I demonstrate that he is wrong in all respects: Nāgārjuna and Candrakīrti deploy arguments, take themselves to do so, and even if they did not, we would be wise to do so in commenting on their texts.     

The Supreme Array Scripture: A New Interpretation of the Title “Gaṇḍavyūha-sūtra”

This article argues for a new interpretation of the Sanskrit compound gaṇḍa-vyūha as it is used in the common title of the Mahāyāna text the Gaṇḍavyūha-Sūtra.The author begins by providing a brief history of the sūtra’s appellations in Chinese and Tibetan sources. Next, the meanings of gaṇḍa (the problematic member of the compound) are explored. The author proposes that contemporary scholars have overlooked a meaning of gaṇḍa occurring in some compounds, wherein gaṇḍa can mean simply “great,” “big” or “massive.” This general sense is particularly common in the compound gaṇda-śaila (a “massive rock” or “boulder”) and is found in such texts as the Bhāgavata Purāṇa, the Harivaṃśa and the Harṣacarita. Following the discussion of Gaṇḍa, the author examines the term vyūha (“array”) as it is used in the Gaṇḍavyūha-sūtra. The article concludes with the suggestion that a more appropriate translation of the Gaṇḍavyūha-sūtra would be “The Supreme array Scripture.”     

The Mūlāvidyā Controversy Among Advaita Vedāntins: was Śaṅkara Himself Responsible?

The concept of avidyā or ignorance is central to the Advaita Vedāntic position of Śȧnkara. The post-Śaṅkara Advaitins wrote sub-commentaries on the original texts of Śaṅkara with the intention of strengthening his views. Over the passage of time the views of these sub-commentators of Śaṅkara came to be regarded as representing the doctrine of Advaita particularly with regard to the concept of avidyā. Swami Satchidanandendra Saraswati, a scholar-monk of Holenarsipur, challenged the accepted tradition through the publication of his work Mūlāvidyānirāsaḥ, particularly with regard to the avidyādoctrine. It was his contention that the post-Śaṅkara commentators brought their own innovations particularly on the nature of avidyā. This was the idea of mūlāvidyā or ‘root ignorance’, a positive entity which is the material cause of the phenomenal world. Saraswati argues that such an idea of mūlāvidyā is not to be found in the bhāṣyas (commentaries) of Śaṅkara and is foisted upon Śaṅkara. This paper attempts to show that although Śaṅkara may not have explicitly favoured such a view of mūlāvidyā, his lack of clarity on the nature of avidyā left enough scope for the post-Śaṅkara commentators to take such a position on avidyā.     

Evaluation of six presumptive tests for blood, their specificity, sensitivity, and effect on high molecular-weight DNA

Luminol, leuchomalachite green, phenolphthalein, Hemastix, Hemident, and Bluestar are all used as presumptive tests for blood. In this study, the tests were subjected to dilute blood (from 1:10,000 to 1:10,000,000), many common household substance, and chemicals. Samples were tested for DNA to determine whether the presumptive tests damaged or destroyed DNA. The DNA loci tested were D2S1338 and D19S433. Leuchomalachite green had a sensitivity of 1:10,000, while the remaining tests were able to detect blood to a dilution of 1:100,000. Substances tested include saliva, semen, potato, tomato, tomato sauce, tomato sauce with meat, red onion, red kidney bean, horseradish, 0.1 M ascorbic acid, 5% bleach, 10% cupric sulfate, 10% ferric sulfate, and 10% nickel chloride. Of all the substances tested, not one of the household items reacted with every test; however, the chemicals did. DNA was recovered and amplified from luminol, phenolphthalein, Hemastix, and Bluestar, but not from leuchomalachite green or Hemident.     

Illumination,Imagination, Creativity: Rājaśekhara,Kuntaka, and Jagannātha on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pratibhā</Emphasis>

Sanskrit poeticians make the visionary faculty of pratibhā a necessary part of the professional poet’s make-up. The term has a pre-history in Bhartṛhari’s linguistic metaphysics, where it is used to explain the unitary perception of meaning. This essay examines the relation between pratibhā and possible theories of the imagination, with a focus on three unusual theoreticians—Rājaśekhara, Kuntaka, and Jagannātha Paṇḍita. Rājaśekhara offers an analysis of pratibhā that is heavily interactive, requiring the discerning presence of the bhāvaka listener or critic; he also positions pratibhā in relation to Bildung (vyutpatti) and practice. For Kuntaka, pratibhā, never an ex nihilo creation by a poet, serves as the basis for the peculiar forms of intensified insight and experience that constitute poetry; these may also involve the creative scrambling and re-articulation of the object in terms of its systemic composition. At times, Kuntaka’s pratibhā comes close to a strong notion of imaginative process. But the full-fledged thematization of the imagination, and of pratibhā as its support and mechanism, is best seen in the seventeenth-century debates preserved for us by Jagannātha. A link is suggested between the discourse of poetic imagination in Jagannātha and similar themes that turn up in Indo-Persian poets such as Bedil.     

Preventing Homelessness for System‐Involved Youth

Too many youth and young adults find themselves on the streets, couch‐surfing with friends, in emergency shelters or worse, after exiting the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. In some circumstances, youth have had court hearings until their exit from the legal system, but those hearings have not focused on long‐range plans of youth and emergencies youth may encounter. In other circumstances, there has been little or no planning prior to discharge, especially for young people who leave the juvenile justice system. Courts can and should prevent, alleviate or end youth homelessness for youth who appear before them through strategies that are enumerated in the recently‐passed NCJFCJ resolution. This article expounds on three of these strategies – coordinating transition and re‐entry plans, insisting on effective legal representation of youth, and utilizing sound judicial leadership. It also describes the concurrent efforts of the Coalition for Juvenile Justice and the American Bar Association's Homeless Youth Legal Network to remove legal barriers and improve outcomes for youth and young adults experiencing homelessness.     

Best practices for structuring a family court parenting plan evaluation under the 2022 AFCC Guidelines

Evaluation appointment orders provide enforceable scaffolding for conduct of family court parenting plan evaluations, and use of the evaluator's reports, feedback, file, and testimony. Unlike a contract, a stipulated or adjudicated appointment order is directly enforceable by the family court. It unambiguously positions the evaluator as the family court's appointee – answerable directly to the court and, in some jurisdictions, protected by quasi-judicial immunity from damages claims. A well-crafted appointment order governs the roles and expectations of the court, the evaluator, the parties, the lawyers, and the collateral witnesses. An appointment order mandates the legal duties, rights, powers, and responsibilities of the professionals, the parties, and the collateral witnesses. At minimum, an appointment order articulates the legal basis for the appointment, the purpose and scope of the evaluation, compensation of evaluator, and the duty of the parties to participate in the process. A written evaluation protocol or procedures statement discloses in advance the methods of investigation and assessment that the evaluator intends to use. Together, the appointment order and written protocol help the evaluator, lawyers, parents, and judge manage the complexity of the evaluation process.